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Cited by 2,145Education, Achievement, and GiftednessSocial and Intergroup PsychologyContemporary Sociological Theory and Practice

The self-fulfilling prophecy

Merton, Robert K.·1948·The Antioch Review
DOI 10.2307/4609267
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  • Low teacher expectations can hamper students' learning, whereas high expectations can foster students' learning and eventually lead to higher achievement gains.

    “At the same time, teachers' inaccurate achievement expectations can result in a self-fulfilling prophecy; that is, low expectations can hamper students' learning, whereas high expectations can foster students' learning and eventually lead to higher achievement gains.”

    From Self-fulfilling prophecies in the classroom: Teacher expectations, teacher feedback and student achievement (2020) · cites this paper as Merton (1948)

  • Teachers' inaccurate achievement expectations can result in a self-fulfilling prophecy.

    “At the same time, teachers' inaccurate achievement expectations can result in a self-fulfilling prophecy; that is, low expectations can hamper students' learning, whereas high expectations can foster students' learning and eventually lead to higher achievement gains.”

    From Self-fulfilling prophecies in the classroom: Teacher expectations, teacher feedback and student achievement (2020) · cites this paper as Merton (1948)

  • A criminal label can lead to a self-fulfilling prophecy in which one internalizes the newly prescribed label.

    “the process of receiving a criminal label can lead to a self‐fulfilling prophecy (Merton, 1948) in which one internalizes his or her newly prescribed label.”

    From Does contact with the justice system deter or promote future delinquency? Results from a longitudinal study of British adolescent twins (2020) · cites this paper as Merton, 1948

  • A confirmation bias pertaining to social beliefs reinforces our confidence in these beliefs, strengthening our tendency to behave in ways that cause changes in reality so that it corresponds to the beliefs, turning them, when initially inaccurate, into self-fulfilling prophecies.

    “I shall contend that a confirmation bias pertaining to social beliefs reinforces our confidence in these beliefs, therewith strengthening our tendency to behave in ways that cause changes in reality so that it corresponds to the beliefs, turning them (when they are initially inaccurate) into self-fulfilling prophecies (SFPs) (Merton 1948;Biggs 2009).”

    From What Is the Function of Confirmation Bias? (2022) · cites this paper as Merton 1948

  • These hallucinations may induce complex social dynamics, like self-fulfilling prophecies, where an initially false prediction becomes true just because someone-e.g. a generative AI system-asserts that it will become true.

    “These hallucinations may induce complex social dynamics, like self-fulfilling prophecies, where an initially false prediction becomes true just because someone—e.g. a generative AI system—asserts that it will become true (44).”

    From The impact of generative artificial intelligence on socioeconomic inequalities and policy making (2024) · cites this paper as [44]

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Authors
Merton, R. K.
Venue
The Antioch Review
Publisher
JSTOR
Published
1948
Volume
8
Issue
2
Pages
193
ISSN
0003-5769 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.2307/4609267
OpenAlex
W4254006061
Cited by
2,145
References
0
Citations by year
2026: 83 · 2025: 116 · 2024: 121 · 2023: 148 · 2022: 122 · 2021: 164 · 2020: 156 · 2019: 158 · 2018: 121 · 2017: 115 · 2016: 104 · 2015: 78 · 2014: 65 · 2013: 63 · 2012: 35
FWCI
2.10
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
The Antioch Review (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Education, Achievement, and Giftedness
  • Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Social and Intergroup Psychology
  • Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Contemporary Sociological Theory and Practice
Keywords
self-fulfilling prophecy

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