Glucose Excursions Between States of Glycemia With Progression to Type 1 Diabetes in the Diabetes Prevention Trial–Type 1 (DPT-1)
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OBJECTIVE: We characterized fluctuations between states of glycemia in progressors to type 1 diabetes and studied whether those fluctuations are related to the early C-peptide response to oral glucose. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTTs) from differing states of glycemia were compared within individuals for glucose and C-peptide. Dysglycemic OGTTs (DYSOGTTs) were compared with normal OGTTs (NLOGTT), while transient diabetic OGTTs (TDOGTTs) were compared with subsequent nondiabetic OGTTs and with OGTTs performed at diagnosis. RESULTS: Of 135 progressors with four or more OGTTs, 30 (22%) went from NLOGTTs to DYSOGTTs at least twice. Area under the curve (AUC) glucose values from the second NLOGTT were higher (P < 0.001) than values from the first NLOGTT. Among 98 progressors whose DYSOGTTs and NLOGTTs were synchronized for the time before diagnosis, despite higher glucose levels (P < 0.01 at all time points) in the DYSOGTTs, 30- to 0-min C-peptide difference values changed little. Likewise, 30- to 0-min C-peptide difference values did not differ between TDOGTTs and subsequent (within 3 months) nondiabetic OGTTs in 55 progressors. In contrast, as glucose levels increased overall from the first to last OGTTs before diagnosis (P < 0.001 at every time point, n = 207), 30- to 0-min C-peptide difference values decreased (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Glucose levels fluctuate widely as they gradually increase overall with progression to type 1 diabetes. As glucose levels increase, the early C-peptide response declines. In contrast, glucose fluctuations are not related to the early C-peptide response. This suggests that changes in insulin sensitivity underlie the glucose fluctuations.
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Metabolic changes in the natural history of type 1 diabetes are marked by decreased early C-peptide response at least 2 years before onset, increased glucose fluctuations as an individual approaches onset, and an overall linear rise, with a last-minute surge, in plasma glucose in the months before onset.
“Metabolic changes in the natural history of type 1 diabetes are marked by decreased early C-peptide response at least 2 years before onset,80 increased glucose fluctuations as an individual approaches onset,81 and an overall linear rise, with a last-minute surge, in plasma glucose in”
From Type 1 diabetes (2014) · cites this paper as [81]
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- Authors
- Sosenko, J. M., Skyler, J. S., Krischer, J. P., Greenbaum, C. J., Mahon, J., Rafkin, L. E., Cuthbertson, D., Cowie, C., Herold, K., Eisenbarth, G., Palmer, J. P., & the Diabetes Prevention Trial–Type 1 Study Group
- Affiliations
- University of Miami (US)
- University of South Florida (US)
- Benaroya Research Institute (US)
- Western University (CA)
- National Institutes of Health (US)
- Yale University (US)
- HLA/DNA Laboratory, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado;
- University of Washington (US)
- Corresponding author
- Sosenko, Jay M.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Diabetes
- Publisher
- American Diabetes Association
- Published
- 2010-08-03
- Volume
- 59
- Issue
- 10
- Pages
- 2386-2389
- ISSN
- 0012-1797 (ISSN-L)
- 1939-327X
- PMC
- PMC3279562
- OpenAlex
- W2114039266
- Cited by
- 38
- References
- 17
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 4 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 3 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 2 · 2012: 4
- FWCI
- 1.08
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Diabetes (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (U01DK085476, U01DK061034, UC4DK117009)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Diabetes and associated disorders
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Management and Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Pancreatic function and diabetes
- Keywords
- glycemic excursions, glycemic variability, C-peptide response, oral glucose tolerance test, insulin sensitivity, prediabetes, diabetes prevention
- MeSH terms
- Blood Glucose, C-Peptide, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1, Glucose Tolerance Test, Humans, Prediabetic State, Reference Values, Disease Progression, Area Under Curve
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