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Cited by 672Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and LipoproteinsPancreatic function and diabetesAdipokines, Inflammation, and Metabolic Diseases

The Significance of Basal Insulin Levels in the Evaluation of the Insulin Response to Glucose in Diabetic and Nondiabetic Subjects*

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Bagdade, John D., Bierman, Edwin L., Porte, Daniel·1967·Journal of Clinical Investigation
DOI 10.1172/jci105646PMC PMC292903
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Abstract

The level of insulin after an overnight fast (basal) in 37 obese and nonobese male subjects with normal and abnormal carbohydrate tolerance was directly related to the increase in insulin concentration during a 3 hr 100 g oral glucose tolerance test. Obesity, but not diabetes, was associated with an elevation of this basal insulin level. Thus obesity predicted with the magnitude of the insulin response to glucose ingestion. When the individual insulin values were expressed as per cent change from the basal level, this effect of obesity was excluded. The insulin levels of all subjects with normal carbohydrate tolerance promptly rose 5-7-fold, and reached peak values 1 hr after oral glucose. In contrast, the diabetic response (as per cent increase) was markedly reduced during the 1st hr, and maximal (but still subnormal) insulin levels were not attained until 2 hr. In all subjects the insulin response (quantitated by calculation of the area circumscribed by a plot of the per cent change in insulin with time) showed a significant inverse correlation with the glucose response. Thus increasing degrees of carbohydrate intolerance were associated with decreasing insulin responses. Elevated levels of insulin, in both the basal state and in response to glucose, were related to obesity.

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  • There is a generally directly proportional relationship between BMI and both fasting and postprandial insulin levels.

    “It is well established that there is a generally directly proportional relationship between BMI and both fasting and postprandial insulin levels.21,22”

    From A review of current trends with type 2 diabetes epidemiology, aetiology, pathogenesis, treatments and future perspectives (2021) · cites this paper as [21]

  • Insulin levels are higher in diabesity patients than in normal-weight T2D subjects, implying that the islet beta-cell pathology is more severe in the latter group and that peripheral tissue insulin resistance contributes more to the disease phenotype in overweight T2D patients.

    “Interestingly, insulin levels are higher in diabesity patients than in normal-weight T2D subjects,21 implying that the islet beta-cell pathology is more severe in the latter group and that peripheral tissue insulin resistance contributes more to the disease phenotype in overweight T2D patients.”

    From A review of current trends with type 2 diabetes epidemiology, aetiology, pathogenesis, treatments and future perspectives (2021) · cites this paper as [21]

  • Although the postprandial insulin response is similarly impaired in overweight and normal-weight T2D patients, absolute insulin levels are higher in overweight patients compared to disease-free normal-weight subjects during both fasting and the postprandial period, which strongly suggests that in overweight T2D subjects peripheral tissue insulin resistance is central to the clinical manifestation.

    “Although it is known that the postprandial insulin response is similarly impaired in overweight and normal-weight T2D patients (determined by measuring the increase in insulin levels in comparison to fasting levels), absolute insulin levels are higher in overweight patients compared to disease-free normal-weight subjects, during both fasting and the postprandial period,21 which strongly suggests”

    From A review of current trends with type 2 diabetes epidemiology, aetiology, pathogenesis, treatments and future perspectives (2021) · cites this paper as [21]

  • Leptin and insulin circulate at levels that vary in proportion to body fat stores.

    “Both hormones circulate at levels that vary in proportion to body fat stores (4, 39)”

    From Leptin and the Central Nervous System Control of Glucose Metabolism (2011) · cites this paper as [4]

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1 of the 22 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.

Research works printed but not linked: 1

  1. Youden, W. J. 1951. Statistical Methods for Chem- ists. John Wiley & Sons Inc., New York. 16.

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Authors
Bagdade, J. D., Bierman, E. L., & Porte, D.
Affiliations
  • United States Department of Veterans Affairs (US)
  • University of Washington (US)
ORCID
Bagdade, John D.
Venue
Journal of Clinical Investigation
Publisher
American Society for Clinical Investigation
Published
1967-10-01
Volume
46
Issue
10
Pages
1549-1557
ISSN
0021-9738 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1172/jci105646
PMC
PMC292903
OpenAlex
W2164252720
Cited by
672
References
22
Citations by year
2026: 3 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 12 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 10 · 2014: 16 · 2013: 18 · 2012: 18
FWCI
36.88
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Journal of Clinical Investigation (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
National Institutes of Health
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Pancreatic function and diabetes
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Adipokines, Inflammation, and Metabolic Diseases
Keywords
basal insulin, insulin response to glucose, oral glucose tolerance test, obesity, diabetes mellitus, carbohydrate intolerance, insulin secretion
MeSH terms
Adult, Blood Glucose, Diabetes Mellitus, Glucose Tolerance Test, Humans, Insulin, Male, Middle Aged, Obesity

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