Cited by 815Physical Activity and HealthDiabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and LipoproteinsDiabetes Management and Research

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Effects of Different Modes of Exercise Training on Glucose Control and Risk Factors for Complications in Type 2 Diabetic Patients

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Snowling, Neil J., Hopkins, Will G.·2006·Diabetes Care

DOI 10.2337/dc06-1317

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Abstract

OBJECTIVE—We sought to meta-analyze the effects of different modes of exercise training on measures of glucose control and other risk factors for complications of diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—The 27 qualifying studies were controlled trials providing, for each measure, 4–18 estimates for the effect of aerobic training, 2–7 for resistance training, and 1–5 for combined training, with 1,003 type 2 diabetic patients (age 55 ± 7 years [mean ± between-study SD]) over 5–104 weeks. The meta-analytic mixed model included main-effect covariates to control for between-study differences in disease severity, sex, total training time, training intensity, and dietary cointervention (13 studies). To interpret magnitudes, effects were standardized after meta-analysis using composite baseline between-subject SD. RESULTS—Differences among the effects of aerobic, resistance, and combined training on HbA1c (A1C) were trivial; for training lasting ≥12 weeks, the overall effect was a small beneficial reduction (A1C 0.8 ± 0.3% [mean ± 90% confidence limit]). There were generally small to moderate benefits for other measures of glucose control. For other risk factors, there were either small benefits or effects were trivial or unclear, although combined training was generally superior to aerobic and resistance training. Effects of covariates were generally trivial or unclear, but there were small additional benefits of exercise on glucose control with increased disease severity. CONCLUSIONS—All forms of exercise training produce small benefits in the main measure of glucose control: A1C. The effects are similar to those of dietary, drug, and insulin treatments. The clinical importance of combining these treatments needs further research.

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Authors: Snowling, N. J., & Hopkins, W. G.
Affiliations: Auckland University of Technology (NZ)
ORCID: Hopkins, Will G.
Venue: Diabetes Care
Publisher: American Diabetes Association
Published: 2006-11-01
Volume: 29
Issue: 11
Pages: 2518-2527
ISSN: 0149-5992 (ISSN-L)
1935-5548
DOI: 10.2337/dc06-1317
OpenAlex: W2170920749
Cited by: 813
References: 78
Citations by year: 2026: 16 · 2025: 29 · 2024: 47 · 2023: 40 · 2022: 37 · 2021: 49 · 2020: 45 · 2019: 40 · 2018: 31 · 2017: 54 · 2016: 44 · 2015: 40 · 2014: 64 · 2013: 50 · 2012: 65
FWCI: 3.03
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: bronze
doi.org
Locations: Diabetes Care (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Victoria University Research Repository (Victoria University) (submittedVersion)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Physical Activity and Health
Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Management and Research
Keywords: type 2 diabetes, exercise training, aerobic exercise, resistance training, concurrent training, glycemic control, HbA1c, diabetes complications, disease severity
MeSH terms: Blood Glucose, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Humans, Risk Factors, Exercise, Diabetes Complications

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Effects of Different Modes of Exercise Training on Glucose Control and Risk Factors for Complications in Type 2 Diabetic Patients

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