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Cited by 442Physical Activity and HealthDiabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and LipoproteinsCardiovascular and exercise physiology

Twice-weekly progressive resistance training decreases abdominal fat and improves insulin sensitivity in older men with type 2 diabetes

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Ibañez, Javier, Izquierdo, Mikel, Argüelles, Iñaki, Forga, Luis, Larrión, José L., García-Unciti, Marisol, Idoate, Fernando, Gorostiaga, Esteban M.·2005·Diabetes Care
DOI 10.2337/diacare.28.3.662
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Abstract

OBJECTIVE—To evaluate the influence of a twice-weekly progressive resistance training (PRT) program, without a concomitant weight loss diet, on abdominal fat and insulin sensitivity in older men with type 2 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—Nine older men (aged 66.6 ± 3.1) with type 2 diabetes participated in a 16-week PRT supervised program (50–80% of the one repetition maximum), for all main muscle groups. Basal glycemia, HbA1c, diet, habitual physical activity, body composition, and upper/lower maximal strength were measured. Insulin sensitivity was determined according to Bergman’s minimal model procedure and abdominal fat was obtained by computed tomography. The measurements were taken 4 weeks before training (−4), immediately before training (0), and at 8-week intervals (i.e., weeks 8 and 16) during the 16-week training period. RESULTS—No significant variation was observed in any of the above selected parameters during the 4-week control period. After PRT, both leg and arm maximal strength increased significantly by 17.1 and 18.2%, respectively. Visceral and subcutaneous abdominal fat decreased significantly by 10.3% (from 249.5 ± 97.9 to 225.6 ± 96.6 cm3, P < 0.01) and by 11.2% (from 356.0 ± 127.5 to 308.6 ± 118.8 cm3, P < 0.01), respectively, while no changes were observed in body mass. PRT significantly increased insulin sensitivity by 46.3% (from 2.0 ± 1.2 to 2.8 ± 1.6 · 104 · min−1 · μU−1 · ml−1, P < 0.01), whereas it significantly decreased (−7.1%, P < 0.05) fasting blood glucose (from 146.6 ± 28.3 to 135.0 ± 29.3 mg/dl). Finally, a 15.5% increase in energy intake (from 2,287.1 ± 354.7 to 2,619.0 ± 472.1 kcal/day, P < 0.05) was observed. CONCLUSIONS—Two sessions per week of PRT, without a concomitant weight loss diet, significantly improves insulin sensitivity and fasting glycemia and decreases abdominal fat in older men with type 2 diabetes.

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  • Most benefits of physical activity on type 2 diabetes management and prevention are realized through acute and chronic improvements in insulin action.

    “Most benefits of PA on type 2 diabetes management and prevention are realized through acute and chronic improvements in insulin action ( 29 , 46 , 116 , 118 , 282 ).”

    From Exercise and Type 2 Diabetes (2010) · cites this paper as [116]

    The Conclusions (p. 4) report improved insulin sensitivity after 16 weeks of resistance training in older men with type 2 diabetes and suggest a role in its management. The discussion (p. 5) also reports that acute and chronic resistance exercise can improve glucose control, but the paper does not establish that improvements in insulin action account for most physical-activity benefits or address diabetes prevention. (LLM, conf=0.86)

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  • In a randomized controlled trial, twice-weekly progressive resistance training for 16 weeks by older men with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes resulted in a 46.3% increase in insulin action, a 7.1% reduction in fasting blood glucose levels, and significant loss of visceral fat.

    “In a randomized controlled trial (RCT), twice-weekly progressive resistance training for 16 weeks by older men with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes resulted in a 46.3% increase in insulin action, a 7.1% reduction in fasting BG levels, and significant loss of visceral fat ( 116 ).”

    From Exercise and Type 2 Diabetes (2010) · cites this paper as [116]

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  • Reductions in trunk fat correlate with improved glycemic control in T2D.

    “Reductions in trunk fat correlate with improved glycemic control in T2D [316,317].”

    From Global consensus on optimal exercise recommendations for enhancing healthy longevity in older adults (ICFSR) (2025) · cites this paper as [316]

  • Reduced visceral fat improves glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity in individuals with and without diabetes.

    “Reduced visceral fat has been shown to improve glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity in individuals with and without diabetes.”

    From Global consensus on optimal exercise recommendations for enhancing healthy longevity in older adults (ICFSR) (2025) · cites this paper as [316]

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Authors
Ibañez, J., Izquierdo, M., Argüelles, I., Forga, L., Larrión, J. L., García-Unciti, M., Idoate, F., & Gorostiaga, E. M.
Affiliations
  • Gobierno de Navarra (ES)
  • Studies, Research and Sports Medicine Center, Government of Navarra, Pamplona-Navarra, Spain
  • Department of Endocrinology, Hospital of Navarra, Pamplona-Navarra, Spain
  • Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra (ES)
  • Department of Health, Hospital of Navarra, Pamplona-Navarra, Spain
  • Department of Dietetic and Dietotherapy, University of Navarra, Pamplona-Navarra, Spain
  • Department of Radiology, Clinic of San Miguel, Pamplona-Navarra, Spain
ORCID
Venue
Diabetes Care
Publisher
American Diabetes Association
Published
2005-03-01
Volume
28
Issue
3
Pages
662-667
ISSN
  • 0149-5992 (ISSN-L)
  • 1935-5548
DOI
10.2337/diacare.28.3.662
OpenAlex
W2133646769
Cited by
442
References
24
Citations by year
2026: 10 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 16 · 2023: 17 · 2022: 13 · 2021: 16 · 2020: 16 · 2019: 14 · 2018: 21 · 2017: 22 · 2016: 24 · 2015: 26 · 2014: 32 · 2013: 23 · 2012: 30
FWCI
11.19
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Diabetes Care (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Physical Activity and Health
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Complementary and alternative medicine › Cardiovascular and exercise physiology
Keywords
progressive resistance training, type 2 diabetes, older men, abdominal fat, visceral fat, subcutaneous adipose tissue, insulin sensitivity, maximal strength, fasting blood glucose, HbA1c, energy intake, body composition, resistance training, Bergman minimal model, body mass index
MeSH terms
Abdomen, Adipose Tissue, Aged, Body Composition, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Exercise Test, Humans, Life Style, Male, Patient Compliance, Physical Fitness, Stress, Mechanical, Exercise

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