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Real-time CGM Is Superior to Flash Glucose Monitoring for Glucose Control in Type 1 Diabetes: The CORRIDA Randomized Controlled Trial
Open accessAbstract
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this trial was to compare the efficacy of real-time and intermittently scanned continuous glucose monitoring (rtCGM and isCGM, respectively) in maintaining optimal glycemic control. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: In this randomized study, adults with type 1 diabetes (T1D) and normal hypoglycemia awareness (Gold score <4) used rtCGM (Guardian Connect Mobile) or isCGM (FreeStyle Libre) during 4 days of physical activity (exercise phase) and in the subsequent 4 weeks at home (home phase). Primary end points were time in hypoglycemia (<3.9 mmol/L [<70 mg/dL]) and time in range (3.9–10.0 mmol/L [70–180 mg/dL]). The isCGM group wore an additional masked Enlite sensor (iPro2) for 6 days to check for bias between the different sensors used by the rtCGM and isCGM systems. RESULTS: Sixty adults with T1D (mean age 38 ± 13 years; A1C 62 ± 12 mmol/mol [7.8 ± 1.1%]) were randomized to rtCGM (n = 30) or isCGM (n = 30). All participants completed the study. Percentage of time in hypoglycemia (<3.9 mmol/L [<70 mg/dL]) was lower among rtCGM versus isCGM participants in the exercise phase (6.8 ± 5.5% vs. 11.4 ± 8.6%, respectively; P = 0.018) and during the home phase (5.3 ± 2.5% vs. 7.3 ± 4.4%, respectively; P = 0.035). Hypoglycemia differences were significant and most notable during the night. rtCGM participants spent more time in range (3.9–10 mmol/L [70–180 mg/dL]) than isCGM participants throughout both the exercise (78.5 ± 10.2% vs. 69.7 ± 16%, respectively; P = 0.0149) and home (75.6 ± 9.7% vs. 67.4 ± 17.8%, respectively; P = 0.0339) phases. The results were robust to the insignificant bias between rtCGM and isCGM sensors that masked CGM found in the isCGM arm. CONCLUSIONS: rtCGM was superior to isCGM in reducing hypoglycemia and improving time in range in adults with T1D with normal hypoglycemia awareness, demonstrating the value of rtCGM alarms during exercise and in daily diabetes self-management.
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“Patient preference surveys consistently favored rtCGM systems over isCGM (Hašková et al., 2020)”
From Effectiveness of continuous glucose monitoring systems on glycemic control in adults with type 1 diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis (2025) · cites this paper as Hašková et al., 2020
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“In two of the studies, the primary outcome was a reduction in time spent in hypoglycemia, and rtCGM showed greater benefits compared with isCGM (89,90).”
From 7. Diabetes Technology: Standards of Care in Diabetes—2025 (2025) · cites this paper as [90]
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Self-citationInternational consensus on use of continuous glucose monitoring
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Self-citationHypoglycemia: Still The Limiting Factor in the Glycemic Management of Diabetes
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Glucoregulation During Moderate Exercise in Insulin Treated Diabetics
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7. Diabetes Technology: Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes—2022
American Diabetes Association Professional Practice Committee (2022) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc22-s007 · Cited by 358
7. Diabetes Technology: Standards of Care in Diabetes—2025
American Diabetes Association Professional Practice Committee, ElSayed, N. A., McCoy, R. G., Aleppo, G., Balapattabi, K., Beverly, E. A., Briggs Early, K., Bruemmer, D., Echouffo-Tcheugui, J. B., Ekhlaspour, L., et al. (2025) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc25-s007 · Cited by 348
7. Diabetes Technology: Standards of Care in Diabetes — 2023
ElSayed, N. A., Aleppo, G., Aroda, V. R., Bannuru, R. R., Brown, F. M., Bruemmer, D., Collins, B. S., Hilliard, M. E., Isaacs, D., Johnson, E. L., et al. (2023) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc23-s007 · Cited by 301
Grunberger, G., Sherr, J., Allende, M., Blevins, T., Bode, B., Handelsman, Y., Hellman, R., Lajara, R., Roberts, V. L., Rodbard, D., et al. (2021) · Endocrine Practice · doi:10.1016/j.eprac.2021.04.008 · Cited by 288
Self-citationArtificial intelligence in diabetes management: Advancements, opportunities, and challenges
Guan, Z., Li, H., Liu, R., Cai, C., Liu, Y., Li, J., Wang, X., Huang, S., Wu, L., Liu, D., et al. (2023) · Cell Reports Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.xcrm.2023.101213 · Cited by 287
Metadata
- Authors
- Hásková, A., Radovnická, L., Petruželková, L., Parkin, C. G., Grunberger, G., Horová, E., Navrátilová, V., Kádě, O., Matoulek, M., Prázný, M., & Šoupal, J.
- Affiliations
- 3rd Department of Internal Medicine, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
- Masaryk Hospital, Ústí nad Labem, Czech Republic
- Charles University (CZ)
- CGParkin Communications, Inc., Henderson, NV
- Grunberger Diabetes Institute (US)
- Corresponding author
- Šoupal, Jan
- ORCID
- Venue
- Diabetes Care
- Publisher
- American Diabetes Association
- Published
- 2020-08-28
- Volume
- 43
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- 2744-2750
- ISSN
- 0149-5992 (ISSN-L)
- 1935-5548
- PMC
- PMC7576432
- OpenAlex
- W3082218057
- Cited by
- 146
- References
- 21
- Citations by year
- 2026: 11 · 2025: 15 · 2024: 28 · 2023: 39 · 2022: 37 · 2021: 15
- FWCI
- 17.16
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Diabetes Care (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Agency for Healthcare Research (AZV) of the Czech Republic and Ministry of Health of the Czech Republic (15-26705A)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Management and Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Management and Education
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Treatment and Management
- Keywords
- type 1 diabetes, real-time continuous glucose monitoring, intermittently scanned continuous glucose monitoring, glycemic control, hypoglycemia, time in range, physical activity, sensor bias, hypoglycemia awareness, FreeStyle Libre, HbA1c, hypoglycemia risk reduction
- MeSH terms
- Glycemic Control, Adult, Blood Glucose, Computer Systems, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1, Female, Glycated Hemoglobin, Humans, Hypoglycemia, Hypoglycemic Agents, Male, Middle Aged, Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring, Exercise, Treatment Outcome, Computers, Handheld
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