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Age as Independent Determinant of Glucose Tolerance
Abstract
It has been proposed that the decline in glucose tolerance with age is not a primary aging effect but is secondary to a combination of other age-associated characteristics, i.e., disease, medication, obesity, central and upper-body fat deposition, and inactivity. To test this hypothesis, we first eliminated from analysis the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging participants with identifiable diseases or medications known to influence glucose tolerance. Seven hundred forty-three men and women, aged 17–92 yr, remained for analysis. As indices of fatness, body mass index and percent body fat were determined. As indices of body fat distribution, waist-hip ratio and subscapular triceps skin-fold ratio were calculated. As indices of fitness, physical activity level, determined by detailed questionnaire, and maximum 02 consumption were calculated. We tested whether the effect of age on glucose tolerance remains when data were adjusted for fatness, fitness, and fat distribution; 2-h glucose values were 6.61, 6.78, and 7.83 mM for young (17–39 yr), middle-aged (40–59 yr), and old (60–92 yr) men and 6.22, 6.22, and 7.28 mM for the three groups of women, respectively. The differences between the young and middle-aged groups were not significant, but the old groups had significantly higher values than young or middle-aged groups. Fatness, fitness, and fat distribution can account for the decline in glucose tolerance from the young adult to the middle-aged years. However, age remains a significant determinant of the further decline in glucose tolerance of healthy old subjects.
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BackgroundResultWilliams, P. (1997) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/65.5.1391 · Cited by 40
Effect of aging and exercise on GLUT-4 glucose transporters in muscle
Kern, M., Dolan, P. L., Mazzeo, R. S., Wells, J. A., & Dohm, G. L. (1992) · American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1152/ajpendo.1992.263.2.e362 · Cited by 41
A biomarker framework for liver aging: the Aging Biomarker Consortium consensus statement
Jiang, M., Zheng, Z., Wang, X., Chen, Y., Qu, J. T., Ding, Q., Zhang, W., Liu, Y., Yang, J., Tang, W., et al. (2024) · Life Medicine · doi:10.1093/lifemedi/lnae004 · Cited by 43
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Ein‐Dor, T., Coan, J. A., Reizer, A., Gross, E. B., Dahan, D., Wegener, M. A., Carel, R. S., Cloninger, C. R., & Zohar, A. H. (2015) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00492 · Cited by 36
“In the first step of the analysis, we introduced participant age as a predictor because age alone can cause systematic variations in fasting basal glucose levels (Shimokata et al., 1991).”
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Regulation of Human Dehydroepiandrosterone Metabolism by Insulina
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“This decline has been attributed to chronological age itself and/or to a variety of secondary factors associated with the aging process, such as an increase in body fat and/or in central adiposity, and a reduction in spontaneous physical activity [28,30,31].”
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Aging is an Inevitable Risk Factor for Insulin Resistance
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Cagnacci, A. (1999) · Human Reproduction · doi:10.1093/humrep/14.4.893 · Cited by 33
Trp64Arg Variant of theβ 3-Adrenoceptor and Insulin Resistance in Obese Postmenopausal Women1
Garcı́a-Rubi, E., Starling, R. D., Tchernof, A., Matthews, D. E., Walston, J. D., Shuldiner, A. R., Silver, K. D., Poehlman, É. T., & Calles-Escandón, J. (1998) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem.83.11.5225 · Cited by 33
Metadata
- Authors
- Shimokata, H., Muller, D. C., Fleg, J. L., Sorkin, J., Ziemba, A. W., & Andres, R.
- Affiliations
- National Institutes of Health (US)
- Venue
- Diabetes
- Publisher
- American Diabetes Association
- Published
- 1991-01-01
- Volume
- 40
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 44-51
- ISSN
- 0012-1797 (ISSN-L)
- 1939-327X
- OpenAlex
- W2047397124
- Cited by
- 289
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 11 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 10 · 2012: 3
- FWCI
- 7.50
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Diabetes (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Physical Activity and Health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diet, Metabolism, and Disease
- Keywords
- glucose tolerance, aging, age-related decline, fat mass, body composition, waist-to-hip ratio, physical activity, fitness, VO2max, body mass index, skinfold thickness, healthy older adults, sex differences
- MeSH terms
- Adipose Tissue, Adult, Age Factors, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Aging, Blood Glucose, Female, Glucose Tolerance Test, Humans, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Middle Aged, Oxygen Consumption, Physical Fitness, Surveys and Questionnaires, Regression Analysis, Sex Characteristics, Body Mass Index
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