Cited by 1,848Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and LipoproteinsPhysical Activity and HealthDiabetes Management and Education

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The Finnish Diabetes Prevention Study (DPS)

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Lindström, Jaana, Louheranta, Anne, Mannelin, Marjo, Rastas, Merja, Salminen, Virpi, Eriksson, Johan, Uusitupa, Matti, Tuomilehto, Jaakko, for the Finnish Diabetes Prevention Study Group·2003·Diabetes Care

DOI 10.2337/diacare.26.12.3230

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Abstract

OBJECTIVE—To describe the 1) lifestyle intervention used in the Finnish Diabetes Prevention Study, 2) short- and long-term changes in diet and exercise behavior, and 3) effect of the intervention on glucose and lipid metabolism. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—There were 522 middle-aged, overweight subjects with impaired glucose tolerance who were randomized to either a usual care control group or an intensive lifestyle intervention group. The control group received general dietary and exercise advice at baseline and had an annual physician’s examination. The subjects in the intervention group received additional individualized dietary counseling from a nutritionist. They were also offered circuit-type resistance training sessions and advised to increase overall physical activity. The intervention was the most intensive during the first year, followed by a maintenance period. The intervention goals were to reduce body weight, reduce dietary and saturated fat, and increase physical activity and dietary fiber. RESULTS—The intervention group showed significantly greater improvement in each intervention goal. After 1 and 3 years, weight reductions were 4.5 and 3.5 kg in the intervention group and 1.0 and 0.9 kg in the control group, respectively. Measures of glycemia and lipemia improved more in the intervention group. CONCLUSIONS—The intensive lifestyle intervention produced long-term beneficial changes in diet, physical activity, and clinical and biochemical parameters and reduced diabetes risk. This type of intervention is a feasible option to prevent type 2 diabetes and should be implemented in the primary health care system.

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Authors: Lindström, J., Louheranta, A., Mannelin, M., Rastas, M., Salminen, V., Eriksson, J., Uusitupa, M., Tuomilehto, J., & for the Finnish Diabetes Prevention Study Group
Affiliations: Diabetes and Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology and Health Promotion, National Public Health Institute, Helsinki, Finland
University of Eastern Finland (FI)
Oulu Deaconess Institute (FI)
Social Insurance Institution (FI)
Institute of Nursing and Health Care, Tampere, Finland
University of Helsinki (FI)
ORCID: Eriksson, Johan
Uusitupa, Matti
Tuomilehto, Jaakko
Venue: Diabetes Care
Publisher: American Diabetes Association
Published: 2003-12-01
Volume: 26
Issue: 12
Pages: 3230-3236
ISSN: 0149-5992 (ISSN-L)
1935-5548
DOI: 10.2337/diacare.26.12.3230
OpenAlex: W2095645712
Cited by: 1,848
References: 26
Citations by year: 2026: 39 · 2025: 54 · 2024: 58 · 2023: 60 · 2022: 60 · 2021: 72 · 2020: 68 · 2019: 64 · 2018: 74 · 2017: 69 · 2016: 85 · 2015: 95 · 2014: 105 · 2013: 128 · 2012: 118
FWCI: 43.29
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: bronze
doi.org
Locations: Diabetes Care (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: Juho Vainion Säätiö
Novo Nordisk
Diabetestutkimussäätiö
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Physical Activity and Health
Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Management and Education
Keywords: Finnish Diabetes Prevention Study, type 2 diabetes prevention, lifestyle intervention, impaired glucose tolerance, overweight, weight loss, nutrition counseling, resistance training, physical activity, dietary fat, dietary fiber, glycemia, lipemia, primary care
MeSH terms: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Diet, Dietary Fats, Educational Status, Employment, Finland, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Life Style, Middle Aged, Obesity, Patient Education as Topic, Physical Examination, Time Factors, Exercise

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