In utero dietary exposures and risk of islet autoimmunity in children
Abstract
OBJECTIVE—The goal of this study was to examine whether maternal dietary intake of vitamin D, ω-3 fatty acids, and ω-6 fatty acids during pregnancy is associated with the appearance of islet autoimmunity (IA) in offspring. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—The Diabetes Autoimmunity Study in the Young (DAISY) is recruiting at birth and following children at increased risk for type 1 diabetes, as determined by HLA-DR genotype or by family history of type 1 diabetes. A total of 233 mothers of newly recruited DAISY subjects were asked to recall their intake of food and nutritional supplements during the third trimester of pregnancy using the Willett food frequency questionnaire. Children were followed for an average of 4 years (range 0.8–7.3 years) for the appearance of insulin, GAD65, and IA-2 autoantibodies. Sixteen children developed at least one autoantibody during this period. Unadjusted and adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) for the development of IA were estimated with survival analysis using a Weibull distribution. RESULTS—Maternal intake of vitamin D via food was significantly associated with a decreased risk of IA appearance in offspring, independent of HLA genotype, family history of type 1 diabetes, presence of gestational diabetes mellitus, and ethnicity (adjusted HR = 0.37; 95% CI 0.17–0.78). Vitamin D intake via supplements, ω-3 fatty acids, and ω-6 fatty acids intake during pregnancy were not associated with appearance of IA in offspring. CONCLUSIONS—Our findings suggest that maternal intake of vitamin D through food during pregnancy may have a protective effect on the appearance of IA in offspring.
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Increased use of vitamin D supplementation during infancy has been associated with reduced risk for childhood type 1 diabetes.
“Increased use of vitamin D supplementation during infancy has been associated with reduced risk for childhood T1D81.”
From Epidemiology of type 1 diabetes (2010) · cites this paper as [81]
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- Authors
- Fronczak, C. M., Barón, A. E., Chase, H. P., Ross, C., Brady, H. L., Hoffman, M., Eisenbarth, G. S., Rewers, M., & Norris, J. M.
- Affiliations
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Biometrics, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver, Colorado
- University of Colorado Health (US)
- Venue
- Diabetes Care
- Publisher
- American Diabetes Association
- Published
- 2003-12-01
- Volume
- 26
- Issue
- 12
- Pages
- 3237-3242
- ISSN
- 0149-5992 (ISSN-L)
- 1935-5548
- OpenAlex
- W2170647350
- Cited by
- 223
- References
- 44
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 4 · 2013: 20 · 2012: 22
- FWCI
- 3.17
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Diabetes Care (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (R01DK32493, R01DK049654, R01DK032493, R01-DK-49654)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Diabetes and associated disorders
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pathology and Forensic Medicine › Vitamin D Research Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Birth, Development, and Health
- Keywords
- islet autoimmunity, type 1 diabetes, maternal diet during pregnancy, vitamin D, omega-3 fatty acids, omega-6 fatty acids, dietary supplements, GAD65 antibodies, IA-2 autoantibodies, insulin autoantibodies, gestational diabetes mellitus
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Autoimmune Diseases, Breast Feeding, Child, Preschool, Diet, Female, Embryonic and Fetal Development, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Income, Infant, Newborn, Islets of Langerhans, Maternal Age, Pregnancy, Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects, Risk Factors, Vitamin D, Autoimmunity
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