The association between ultraviolet B irradiance, vitamin D status and incidence rates of type 1 diabetes in 51 regions worldwide
Open accessAbstract
Aims/hypothesis This study is an analysis of the relationship between ultraviolet B (UVB) irradiance, the primary source of circulating vitamin D in humans, and age-standardised incidence rates of type 1 diabetes mellitus in children, according to region of the world.Methods The association of UVB irradiance adjusted for cloud cover to incidence rates of type 1 diabetes in children aged <14 years during 1990--1994 in 51 regions worldwide was assessed using multiple regression. Incidence data were obtained from the Diabetes Mondial Project Group.Results Incidence rates were generally higher at higher latitudes (R2 = 0.25, p < 0.001). According to multiple regression, UVB irradiance adjusted for cloud cover was inversely associated with incidence rates (p < 0.05), while per capita health expenditure (p < 0.004) was positively associated (overall R2 = 0.42, p < 0.0001).Conclusions/interpretation An association was found between low UVB irradiance and high incidence rates of type 1 childhood diabetes after controlling for per capita health expenditure. Incidence rates of type 1 diabetes approached zero in regions worldwide with high UVB irradiance, adding new support to the concept of a role of vitamin D in reducing the risk of the disease.
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Vitamin D deficiency has been associated with type 1 diabetes, and use of cod liver oil during pregnancy and during the first year of life has been associated with lower risk of type 1 diabetes.
“Vitamin D deficiency has been associated with T1D64,65 and the use of cod liver oil (a rich source of vitamin D) during pregnancy66 and the first year of life67 has been associated with a lower risk of T1D.”
From Epidemiology of type 1 diabetes (2010) · cites this paper as [64]
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Background
- Authors
- Mohr, S. B., Garland, C. F., Gorham, E. D., & Garland, F. C.
- Affiliations
- University of California San Diego (US)
- Corresponding author
- Garland, C. F.
- Venue
- Diabetologia
- Published
- 2008-06-12
- Volume
- 51
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 1391-1398
- ISSN
- 0012-186X (ISSN-L)
- 1432-0428
- OpenAlex
- W2038334314
- Cited by
- 330
- References
- 48
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 18 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 14 · 2020: 11 · 2019: 15 · 2018: 25 · 2017: 12 · 2016: 24 · 2015: 15 · 2014: 24 · 2013: 34 · 2012: 25
- FWCI
- 16.04
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Diabetologia (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- U.S. Department of Defense
- University of Miami
- U.S. Navy
- Bureau of Medicine and Surgery
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Diabetes and associated disorders
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pathology and Forensic Medicine › Vitamin D Research Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Management and Research
- Keywords
- type 1 diabetes, vitamin D, latitude, cloud cover, per capita health expenditure, sun exposure
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Calcifediol, Child, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1, Geography, Humans, Regression Analysis, Ultraviolet Rays, Vitamin D, Vitamin D Deficiency
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