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A Narcissistic Personality Inventory.
Abstract
The immediate stimulus for developing a test of narcissism was the inclusion of a new category, the narcissistic personality disorder, in the diagnostic manual (DSM-111) being prepared by the American Psychiatric Association. The narcissistic personality disorder is defined by the following characteristics: ( 1 ) grandiose sense of one's self-irnportance; ( 2 ) preoccupation with fantasies of unlimited success, power, brilliance, beauty, o r ideal love; ( 3 ) exhibitionism; ( 4 ) responds to criticism, indifference, or defeat either with cool indifference or with marked feelungs of rage, inferiority, shame, humiliation, o r emptiness; ( 5 ) entitlement, expecting spec~al favors without assuming reciprocal responsibilities; (6) exploitativeness; ( 7 ) relationships vacillate between the extremes of overidealization and devaluation; and ( 8 ) lack of empathy. W e made up 223 items which sampled the domain of the narcissistic personality as defined by the foregoing characteristics. Each item is a pair of statements, one narcissistic and the other nonnarcissistic. Subjects are required to check one of rhe two statements. This is an example.
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“Narcissism began gaining attention in mainstream research through the Narcissistic Personality Inventory (NPI; Raskin & Hall, 1979), and researchers tend to utilize the NPI to measure narcissism as a personality trait rather than to ascertain a clinical diagnosis (Raskin & Terry, 1988).”
From Humility and Servant-Leadership: Toward a Solution of Pastoral Narcissism (2024) · cites this paper as Raskin & Hall, 1979
In the citing paper
“Grandiose narcissism displays substantial correlation with extraversion, while vulnerable narcissism correlates highly with introversion.”
From The Relationship between Grandiose and Vulnerable (Hypersensitive) Narcissism (2017) · cites this paper as Raskin and Hall, 1979
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Self-citation
Metadata
- Authors
- Raskin, R. N., & Hall, C. S.
- Affiliations
- Santa Cruz, California
- Venue
- Psychological Reports
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 1979-10
- Volume
- 45
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 590-590
- ISSN
- 0033-2941 (ISSN-L)
- 1558-691X
- OpenAlex
- W2312818401
- Cited by
- 1,975
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 63 · 2025: 78 · 2024: 109 · 2023: 135 · 2022: 106 · 2021: 119 · 2020: 123 · 2019: 97 · 2018: 103 · 2017: 108 · 2016: 110 · 2015: 79 · 2014: 72 · 2013: 85 · 2012: 69
- FWCI
- 3.78
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Psychological Reports (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Personality Traits and Psychology
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Personality Disorders and Psychopathology
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Psychological Testing and Assessment
- Keywords
- narcissistic personality disorder, narcissism, personality assessment, personality tests, DSM-III-R, grandiosity, entitlement, lack of empathy, exhibitionism, reply to critics
- MeSH terms
- Humans, Narcissism, Personality Disorders, Personality Inventory
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