Cited by 1,975Personality Traits and PsychologyPersonality Disorders and PsychopathologyPsychological Testing and Assessment

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A Narcissistic Personality Inventory.

Raskin, Robert N., Hall, Calvin S.·1979·Psychological Reports

DOI 10.2466/pr0.1979.45.2.590

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Abstract

The immediate stimulus for developing a test of narcissism was the inclusion of a new category, the narcissistic personality disorder, in the diagnostic manual (DSM-111) being prepared by the American Psychiatric Association. The narcissistic personality disorder is defined by the following characteristics: ( 1 ) grandiose sense of one's self-irnportance; ( 2 ) preoccupation with fantasies of unlimited success, power, brilliance, beauty, o r ideal love; ( 3 ) exhibitionism; ( 4 ) responds to criticism, indifference, or defeat either with cool indifference or with marked feelungs of rage, inferiority, shame, humiliation, o r emptiness; ( 5 ) entitlement, expecting spec~al favors without assuming reciprocal responsibilities; (6) exploitativeness; ( 7 ) relationships vacillate between the extremes of overidealization and devaluation; and ( 8 ) lack of empathy. W e made up 223 items which sampled the domain of the narcissistic personality as defined by the foregoing characteristics. Each item is a pair of statements, one narcissistic and the other nonnarcissistic. Subjects are required to check one of rhe two statements. This is an example.

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Farwell, L., & Wohlwend‐Lloyd, R. (1998) · Journal of Personality · doi:10.1111/1467-6494.00003 · Cited by 328
Two promising shame and guilt scales: a construct validity comparison.
Harder, D. H., & Zalma, A. (1990) · Journal of Personality Assessment · doi:10.1080/00223891.1990.9674108 · Cited by 423
A Meta‐Analytic Test of Redundancy and Relative Importance of the Dark Triad and Five‐Factor Model of Personality
O’Boyle, E. H., Forsyth, D. R., Banks, G. C., Story, P. A., & White, C. D. (2014) · Journal of Personality · doi:10.1111/jopy.12126 · Cited by 328
Narcissistic self-esteem management.
Raskin, R. N., Novacek, J., & Hogan, R. T. (1991) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.60.6.911 · Cited by 363
Self-citation
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Balmas, M. (2014) · Communication Research · doi:10.1177/0093650212453600 · Cited by 325
Duplicity among the dark triad: Three faces of deceit.
Jones, D. N., & Paulhus, D. L. (2017) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/pspp0000139 · Cited by 324
“The only exception is the NPI-16 used in Study 3, which used a dichotomous response format.”
Influential
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Differences among dark triad components: a meta-analytic investigation
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DOES RUDENESS REALLY MATTER? THE EFFECTS OF RUDENESS ON TASK PERFORMANCE AND HELPFULNESS.
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“To test the mask model, social-personality psychologists typically measure people’s feelings of self-esteem in two different ways – overtly and covertly – and then look to see whether these differently measured views of self-esteem jointly predict people’s scores on the Narcissistic Personality Inventory (NPI; Raskin…”
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Barry, C. T., Frick, P. J., & Killian, A. L. (2003) · Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology · doi:10.1207/s15374424jccp3201_13 · Cited by 327
“The NPI was developed primarily for use in nonclinical populations of adults (Raskin & Hall, 1979), and its construct validity has been supported in numerous previous studies (e.g., Emmons, 1984; Raskin & Terry, 1988; Watson & Biderman, 1993).”
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“Accordingly, exploitativeness or entitlement, as measured by the NPI (Raskin & Hall, 1979), has been related to negative personality characteristics, such as neuroticism, suspicion, tenseness, and anxiety (Emmons, 1984, 1987).”
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Authors: Raskin, R. N., & Hall, C. S.
Affiliations: Santa Cruz, California
Venue: Psychological Reports
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Published: 1979-10
Volume: 45
Issue: 2
Pages: 590-590
ISSN: 0033-2941 (ISSN-L)
1558-691X
DOI: 10.2466/pr0.1979.45.2.590
OpenAlex: W2312818401
Cited by: 1,975
References: 0
Citations by year: 2026: 63 · 2025: 78 · 2024: 109 · 2023: 135 · 2022: 106 · 2021: 119 · 2020: 123 · 2019: 97 · 2018: 103 · 2017: 108 · 2016: 110 · 2015: 79 · 2014: 72 · 2013: 85 · 2012: 69
FWCI: 3.78
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: journals.sagepub.com/page/policies/text-and-data-mining-license (tdm)
Locations: Psychological Reports (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Personality Traits and Psychology
Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Personality Disorders and Psychopathology
Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Psychological Testing and Assessment
Keywords: narcissistic personality disorder, narcissism, personality assessment, personality tests, DSM-III-R, grandiosity, entitlement, lack of empathy, exhibitionism, reply to critics
MeSH terms: Humans, Narcissism, Personality Disorders, Personality Inventory

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