Cited by 433Mental Health Treatment and AccessGlobal Health Workforce IssuesGlobal Health and Surgery

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The mental health workforce gap in low- and middle-income countries: a needs-based approach

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Bruckner, Tim A, Scheffler, Richard M, Shen, Gordon, Yoon, Jangho, Chisholm, Dan, Morris, Jodi, Fulton, Brent D, Dal Poz, Mario R, Saxena, Shekhar·2011·Bulletin of the World Health Organization

DOI 10.2471/blt.10.082784PMC PMC3044251

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Abstract

OBJECTIVE: To estimate the shortage of mental health professionals in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). METHODS: We used data from the World Health Organization's Assessment Instrument for Mental Health Systems (WHO-AIMS) from 58 LMICs, country-specific information on the burden of various mental disorders and a hypothetical core service delivery package to estimate how many psychiatrists, nurses and psychosocial care providers would be needed to provide mental health care to the total population of the countries studied. We focused on the following eight problems, to which WHO has attached priority: depression, schizophrenia, psychoses other than schizophrenia, suicide, epilepsy, dementia, disorders related to the use of alcohol and illicit drugs, and paediatric mental disorders. FINDINGS: All low-income countries and 59% of the middle-income countries in our sample were found to have far fewer professionals than they need to deliver a core set of mental health interventions. The 58 LMICs sampled would need to increase their total mental health workforce by 239,000 full-time equivalent professionals to address the current shortage. CONCLUSION: Country-specific policies are needed to overcome the large shortage of mental health-care staff and services throughout LMICs.

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Authors: Bruckner, T. A., Scheffler, R. M., Shen, G., Yoon, J., Chisholm, D., Morris, J., Fulton, B. D., Dal Poz, M. R., & Saxena, S.
Affiliations: University of California, Irvine (US)
University of California, Berkeley (US)
Georgia Southern University (US)
World Health Organization (CH)
gDepartment of Human Resources for Health, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland.
ORCID: Bruckner, Tim A
Shen, Gordon
Yoon, Jangho
Chisholm, Dan
Fulton, Brent D
Saxena, Shekhar
Venue: Bulletin of the World Health Organization
Publisher: WHO Press
Published: 2010-11-22
Volume: 89
Issue: 3
Pages: 184-194
ISSN: 0042-9686 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.2471/blt.10.082784
PMC: PMC3044251
OpenAlex: W2124195919
Cited by: 433
References: 49
Citations by year: 2026: 15 · 2025: 22 · 2024: 23 · 2023: 39 · 2022: 31 · 2021: 73 · 2020: 41 · 2019: 38 · 2018: 23 · 2017: 21 · 2016: 27 · 2015: 34 · 2014: 17 · 2013: 13 · 2012: 10
FWCI: 12.18
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: diamond
doi.org
Licence: cc-by
Locations: Bulletin of the World Health Organization (publishedVersion, cc-by)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Mental Health Treatment and Access
Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Global Health Workforce Issues
Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Global Health and Surgery
Keywords: mental health professionals, workforce shortage, low- and middle-income countries, mental health service delivery, psychiatrists, psychiatric nurses, depression, schizophrenia, suicide, epilepsy, dementia, substance use disorders, health workforce planning
MeSH terms: Workforce, Mental Disorders, Cross-Cultural Comparison, Developing Countries, Humans, Mental Health Services, Needs Assessment

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The mental health workforce gap in low- and middle-income countries: a needs-based approach

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