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Dog-Assisted Therapy in the Treatment of Chronic Schizophrenia Inpatients
Abstract
Patients with a diagnosis of schizophrenia living in long-term care units show high levels of disability. The present study aimed to assess the effectiveness of including a trained therapy dog in an intervention program applied to institutionalized patients with chronic schizophrenia. A randomized, controlled study with blind assessment was conducted. Twenty-four persons with chronic schizophrenia were randomly selected from a register that included all inpatients at Saint John of God's psychiatric hospital in Spain. Patients who agreed to participate (n = 21) were randomly assigned to one of the two treatment groups: one group received an intervention assisted by a therapy dog (IG+D) (12 patients), while the other received the same intervention but without a therapy dog (IG) (9 patients). The assessment items included the Positive and Negative Symptoms Scale (PANSS), the Living Skills Profile (LSP), the Brief World Health Organization Quality of Life Assessment (WHOQOL-BREF), and the Satisfaction with Treatment Questionnaire (STQ). Mann Whitney U tests and Wilcoxon signed-rank tests were conducted. Patients in the IG+D group showed significant improvements in the LSP social contact score (p = 0.041), in the positive (p = 0.005) and negative symptom dimensions (p = 0.005) and total score of the PANSS (p = 0.014), and in quality of life related with social relationships (p = 0.024). Patients in the IG group showed significant positive changes in positive (p = 0.027) and genera…
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In a study of 21 schizophrenic inpatients, the intervention group with a therapy dog had significantly better scores on the social contact score of the Living Skills Profile and total score on the Positive and Negative Symptoms Score scale than the control group.
“Subjects in the intervention group had significantly better scores on the social contact score in of the Living Skills Profile and total score on the Positive and Negative Symptoms Score scale.”
From The Benefit of Pets and Animal-Assisted Therapy to the Health of Older Individuals (2014) · cites this paper as [26]
Villalta-Gil et al. 2009 found compelling evidence that reductions in the persistent negative symptoms of schizophrenia could be attributed to the dog.
“Importantly, Villalta-Gil et al. (2009) found compelling evidence that reductions in the persistent negative symptoms of schizophrenia could be attributed to the dog.”
From A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials of Animal-Assisted Therapy on Psychosocial Outcomes (2015) · cites this paper as Villalta-Gil et al. 2009
Two studies found clear evidence that canine AAI was beneficial for individuals with severe psychological disorders.
“two studies found clear evidence that aaI (canine) was beneficial for individuals with severe psychological disorders (Chu et al. 2009;Villalta-Gil et al. 2009).”
From A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials of Animal-Assisted Therapy on Psychosocial Outcomes (2015) · cites this paper as Villalta-Gil et al. 2009
The studies in the review were conducted using relatively small sample sizes, ranging from 21 to 99.
“the studies in this review were conducted using relatively small sample sizes, ranging from 21 (Villalta-Gil et al. 2009) to 99 (Davis et al. 2009).”
From A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials of Animal-Assisted Therapy on Psychosocial Outcomes (2015) · cites this paper as Villalta-Gil et al. 2009
Villalta-Gil et al. 2009 found an increase in quality of life and relationships in the AAI group relative to the control condition.
“and an increase in quality of life and relationships in the aaI group relative to the control condition.”
From A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials of Animal-Assisted Therapy on Psychosocial Outcomes (2015) · cites this paper as Villalta-Gil et al. 2009
Only two studies, Johnson et al. 2008 and Villalta-Gil et al. 2009, utilized an active control group that participated in a comparison intervention rather than a waitlist control or treatment as usual.
“only two studies (Johnson et al. 2008;Villalta-Gil et al. 2009) utilized an active control group which participated in a comparison intervention as opposed to a waitlist control condition or treatment as usual.”
From A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials of Animal-Assisted Therapy on Psychosocial Outcomes (2015) · cites this paper as Villalta-Gil et al. 2009
Two studies reported positive outcomes of canine-assisted interventions.
“two studies reported positive outcomes of canine-assisted interventions (Chu et al. 2009;Villalta-Gil et al. 2009)”
From A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials of Animal-Assisted Therapy on Psychosocial Outcomes (2015) · cites this paper as Villalta-Gil et al. 2009
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“Only the WHOQOL-BREF and the STQ were selfadministered.”
MethodThe effects of animal-assisted therapy on anxiety ratings of hospitalized psychiatric patients
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Cited by
Sorted by citations
Beetz, A., Uvnäs-Moberg, K., Julius, H., & Kotrschal, K. (2012) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2012.00234 · Cited by 904
“In adult patients with chronic schizophrenia dog-assisted therapy was linked to improvement in social contact, symptoms, and quality of life related to social relationships, but in comparison to a control group without a dog differences were not significant (Villalta-Gil et al., 2009).”
Effectiveness of animal-assisted therapy: A systematic review of randomized controlled trials
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Animal assisted intervention: A systematic review of benefits and risks
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Lutgens, D., Gariepy, G., & Malla, A. (2017) · British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.bp.116.197103 · Cited by 181
The Benefit of Pets and Animal-Assisted Therapy to the Health of Older Individuals
Cherniack, E. P., & Cherniack, A. R. (2014) · Current Gerontology and Geriatrics Research · doi:10.1155/2014/623203 · Cited by 159
Maujean, A., Pepping, C. A., & Kendall, E. (2015) · Anthrozoös · doi:10.2752/089279315x14129350721812 · Cited by 149
Calvo, P., Fortuny, J. R., Guzmán, S., Macías, C., Bowen, J., García, M. L., Orejas, O., Molins, F., Tvarijonaviciute, A., Cerón, J. J., et al. (2016) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00631 · Cited by 62
Behavioral Interventions to Reduce Cardiovascular Risk Among People with Severe Mental Disorder
Baker, A. L., Forbes, E., Pohlman, S., & McCarter, K. (2022) · Annual Review of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-072720-012042 · Cited by 9
Metadata
- Authors
- Villalta-Gil, V., Roca, M., Gonzalez, N., Domènec, E., Cuca, Escanilla, A., Asensio, M. R., Esteban, M. E., Ochoa, S., Haro, J. M., & Schi-Can group
- Affiliations
- Saint John of God's Research and Teaching Foundation, Esplugues de Llobregat, Spain
- Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu (ES)
- Bocalan Foundation, Sant Cugat del Vallés, Spain
- Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ES)
- Venue
- Anthrozoös
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2009-06
- Volume
- 22
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 149-159
- ISSN
- 0892-7936 (ISSN-L)
- 1753-0377
- OpenAlex
- W2046610331
- Cited by
- 78
- References
- 2
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 12 · 2013: 2 · 2012: 4
- FWCI
- 4.36
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Anthrozoös (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Animal Science and Zoology › Human-Animal Interaction Studies
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychotherapy Techniques and Applications
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Schizophrenia research and treatment
- Keywords
- dog-assisted therapy, therapy dogs, chronic schizophrenia, hospitalized patients, psychosocial interventions, positive and negative symptoms, quality of life, social contact, institutionalized psychiatric patients, animal-assisted interventions
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