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Cited by 1,313Student Assessment and FeedbackInnovative Teaching and Learning MethodsVisual and Cognitive Learning Processes

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 49 of the 49 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

The instructional effect of feedback in test-like events.

Bangert-Drowns, Robert L., Kulik, Chen-Lin C., Kulik, James A., Morgan, MaryTeresa·1991·Review of Educational Research
DOI 10.3102/00346543061002213
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Abstract

Feedback is an essential construct for many theories of learning and instruction, and an understanding of the conditions for effective feedback should facilitate both theoretical development and instructional practice. In an early review of feedback effects in written instruction, Kulhavy (1977) proposed that feedback’s chief instructional significance is to correct errors. This error-correcting action was thought to be a function of presentation timing, response certainty, and whether students could merely copy answers from feedback without having to generate their own. The present meta-analysis reviewed 58 effect sizes from 40 reports. Feedback effects were found to vary with control for presearch availability, type of feedback, use of pretests, and type of instruction and could be quite large under optimal conditions. Mediated intentional feedback for retrieval and application of specific knowledge appears to stimulate the correction of erroneous responses in situations where its mindful ( Salomon & Globerson, 1987 ) reception is encouraged.

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49 of 49 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

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Citations

Cites

Show all 48 references

Research works printed but not linked: 26

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Metadata

Authors
Bangert-Drowns, R. L., Kulik, C.-L. C., Kulik, J. A., & Morgan, M.
Affiliations
  • State University of New York at Albany
  • University of Michigan (US)
  • State University of New York (US)
Venue
Review of Educational Research
Publisher
American Educational Research Association (AERA)
Published
1991-06
Volume
61
Issue
2
Pages
213-238
ISSN
  • 0034-6543 (ISSN-L)
  • 1935-1046
DOI
10.3102/00346543061002213
OpenAlex
W2171054741
Semantic Scholar
116f5f0b52057e031f446e37ce7746ed5c1306e0
Cited by
1,313
References
48
Citations by year
2026: 19 · 2025: 34 · 2024: 35 · 2023: 51 · 2022: 55 · 2021: 69 · 2020: 116 · 2019: 54 · 2018: 76 · 2017: 57 · 2016: 63 · 2015: 71 · 2014: 75 · 2013: 65 · 2012: 56
FWCI
54.55
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Licence
journals.sagepub.com/page/policies/text-and-data-mining-license (tdm)
Locations
Review of Educational Research (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Education › Student Assessment and Feedback
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Innovative Teaching and Learning Methods
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Visual and Cognitive Learning Processes
Keywords
feedback, error correction, pretest, retrieval practice, knowledge application, response certainty, presentation timing, written instructions

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