α-Tocopherol supplementation reduces 5-nitro-γ-tocopherol accumulation by decreasing γ-tocopherol in young adult smokers
Open accessAbstract
γ-Tocopherol (γ-T) scavenges reactive nitrogen species (RNS) to form 5-NO2-γ-T (NGT). However, α-T supplementation decreases circulating γ-T, which could limit its RNS scavenging activities. We hypothesized that α-T supplementation would mitigate NGT accumulation by impairing γ-T status. Healthy smokers (21 ± 1 y, n = 11) and non-smokers (21 ± 2 y, n = 10) ingested 75 mg/d each of RRR- and all-rac-α-tocopheryl acetate for 6 d. Plasma α-T, γ-T, γ-carboxyethyl hydroxychromanol (CEHC), NGT, and nitrate/nitrite were measured prior to supplementation (Pre), the morning after 6 consecutive evenings of supplementation (Post 1), and on the mornings of d 6 (Post 6) and d 14 (Post 14) during the post-supplementation period. α-T supplementation increased plasma α-T, and decreased γ-T, in both groups and these returned to Pre concentrations on Post 6 regardless of smoking status. Plasma γ-CEHC increased after the first dose of supplementation in both groups, suggesting that α-T supplementation decreased plasma γ-T in part by increasing its metabolism. Plasma NGT and nitrate/nitrite concentrations at Pre were greater in smokers, indicating greater nitrative stress due to cigarette smoking. Plasma NGT concentration was lowered only in smokers on Post 1 and Post 6 and was restored to Pre levels on Post 14. Plasma nitrate/nitrite tended (P = 0.07) to increase post-supplementation only in smokers, supporting decreases in RNS scavenging by γ-T. Plasma NGT concentration was more strongly correlated (P < 0.05) with γ-T in smokers (R = 0.83) compared with non-smokers (R = 0.50), supporting that α-T-mediated decreases in γ-T reduces NGT formation. These data indicate that α-T supplementation limits γ-T scavenging of RNS in smokers by decreasing γ-T availability.
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α-Tocopherol traps lipid peroxyl radicals well, while γ-tocopherol seems better at scavenging RNS.
“Although α-tocopherol is efficient in trapping lipid peroxyl radicals, gamma-tocopherol appears more efficient at scavenging RNS species84.”
From Oxidative stress, dysfunctional glucose metabolism and Alzheimer disease (2019) · cites this paper as [84]
The Introduction (page unavailable) says that, unlike α-tocopherol, γ-tocopherol traps reactive nitrogen species including nitrogen dioxide and peroxynitrite. That supports the comparative RNS claim. Our copy does not address α-tocopherol's efficiency at trapping lipid peroxyl radicals, so that part of the sentence is unsupported. (LLM, conf=0.86)
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- Authors
- Pei, R., Mah, E., Leonard, S. W., Traber, M. G., & Bruno, R. S.
- Affiliations
- University of Connecticut (US)
- The Ohio State University (US)
- Oregon State University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Bruno, R. S.
- Venue
- Free Radical Research
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2015-05-12
- Volume
- 49
- Issue
- 9
- Pages
- 1114-1121
- ISSN
- 1029-2470 (ISSN-L)
- 1071-5762
- PMC
- PMC4892894
- OpenAlex
- W1867751922
- Cited by
- 14
- References
- 55
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 1 · 2021: 1 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 1 · 2016: 1
- FWCI
- 0.69
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Free Radical Research (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (R01DK059576)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Biochemistry › Antioxidant Activity and Oxidative Stress
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Rehabilitation › Exercise and Physiological Responses
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Biochemistry › Phytochemicals and Antioxidant Activities
- Keywords
- alpha-tocopherol supplementation, gamma-tocopherol, reactive nitrogen species, nitrative stress, cigarette smoking, vitamin E metabolism, nitrite/nitrate, plasma tocopherol, antioxidant status
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Chromans, Female, Humans, Male, Nitrates, Nitrites, Smoking, Vitamin E, Oxidative Stress, Dietary Supplements, alpha-Tocopherol, gamma-Tocopherol, Reactive Nitrogen Species, Young Adult
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