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A Short History of Primary Care Practice-based Research Networks: From Concept to Essential Research Laboratories

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Green, L. A., Hickner, J.·2006·The Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine

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Abstract

Sail forth—steer for the deep waters only, reckless O Soul, exploring, I with thee, and thou with me, for we are bound where mariner has not yet dared to go, and we will risk the ship, ourselves and all. —Walt Whitman This is a story about the evolution of practice-based research networks (

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“Practice-based research has a long and robust history in the United States and throughout the world but receives limited attention from mainstream academic clinical research laboratories and the NIH.”
Background
Making research relevant: if it is an evidence-based practice, where's the practice-based evidence?
Green, L. W. (2008) · Family Practice · doi:10.1093/fampra/cmn055 · Cited by 633
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Applying Community-Based Participatory Research Partnership Principles to Public Health Practice-Based Research Networks
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“PH-PBRNs are modeled after clinically oriented PBRNs, which have focused on patient care and practice design in the United States for more than 30 years (Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, 2012; Green & Hickner, 2006).”
The creation and development of the dental practice-based research network
Gilbert, G. H., Williams, O. D., Rindal, D. B., Pihlstrom, D. J., Benjamin, P. L., & Wallace, M. C. (2008) · The Journal of the American Dental Association · doi:10.14219/jada.archive.2008.0024 · Cited by 131
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“The network defines a non-practitioner as anyone who does not meet both of these criteria: (1) currently licensed to practice dentistry or dental hygiene; and (2) currently treats patients on a regular basis.”
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Mensah, G. A., Cooper, R., Siega‐Riz, A. M., Cooper, L. A., Smith, J. D., Brown, C. H., Westfall, J. M., Ofili, E., Price, L. N., Arteaga, S. S., et al. (2018) · Circulation Research · doi:10.1161/circresaha.117.312243 · Cited by 123
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“PBRNs are the culmination of a long research tradition in primary care pioneered by figures such as James Mackenzie, Will Pickles, John Fry, and Curtis Hames and emphasizing the careful observation of individual patients pieced together to build generalizable knowledge ( Green and Hickner 2006 ).”
Background
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A systems-based partnership learning model for strengthening primary healthcare
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“healthcare, particularly in the United States [32,33].”
Practice-based Research is Community Engagement
Westfall, J. M., Fagnan, L. J., Handley, M. A., Salsberg, J., McGinnis, P. B., ZITTLEMAN, L. K., & Macaulay, A. C. (2009) · The Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine · doi:10.3122/jabfm.2009.04.090105 · Cited by 85
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“Scientific research networks and clinical research networks have a long history, with primary care practice-based research networks (PBRNs) emerging in the 1960s (Green & Hickner 2006).”
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“In addition to the NIH endorsement, value associated with community provider participation is becoming more apparent [16,17].”
Background
The VA Women’s Health Practice-Based Research Network: Amplifying Women Veterans’ Voices in VA Research
Frayne, S. M., Carney, D. V., Bastian, L. A., Bean‐Mayberry, B., Sadler, A. G., Klap, R. S., Phibbs, C. S., Kimerling, R. E., Vogt, D. S., Yee, E. F. T., et al. (2013) · Journal of General Internal Medicine · doi:10.1007/s11606-013-2476-3 · Cited by 69
“The WH-PBRN builds upon a tradition of non-VA PBRNs.8 By collaborating across practice settings, PBRNs S504 make it feasible to recruit from a larger pool of prospective study participants, which is critical for VA women’s health research.”
Background
Practices participating in a dental PBRN have substantial and advantageous diversity even though as a group they have much in common with dentists at large
the DPBRN Collaborative Group, Makhija, S. K., Gilbert, G. H., Rindal, D. B., Benjamin, P., Richman, J. S., Pihlstrom, D. J., & Qvist, V. (2009) · BMC Oral Health · doi:10.1186/1472-6831-9-26 · Cited by 64
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Background
Practice-Based Research: Another Pathway for Closing the Research–Practice Gap
Crooke, P. J., & Olswang, L. B. (2015) · Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research · doi:10.1044/2015_jslhr-l-15-0243 · Cited by 74
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“Some literature does exist on these challenges.(4,6,13-17) However, to our knowledge, none have addressed the broad and diverse range of scientific and operational challenges faced by the DPBRN—challenges that have derived from multiple U.”
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“Keywords: Family Medicine Research, Practice-based Research, Practice-based Research Networks Primary care practice-based research networks (PBRNs) enhance the performance of clinical research in community settings and speed the dissemination of new knowledge into practice.1,2 Bound by a shared commitment to improving…”
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“The AAFP NRN was established in 2000 to replace ASPN as the national family medicine PBRN.(4,5) Since the AAFP NRN s inception, primary care”
Method
Structure, function, and productivity from the National Dental Practice-Based Research Network.
Gilbert, G. H., Fellows, J. L., Allareddy, V., Cochran, D. L., Cunha-Cruz, J., Gordan, V. V., McBurnie, M. A., Meyerowitz, C., Mungia, R., Rindal, D. B., et al. (2022) · Journal of Clinical and Translational Science · doi:10.1017/cts.2022.421 · Cited by 54
“Indeed, reports of PBRN performance metrics are rare for both medical and dental PBRNs, and have primarily focused on the number of studies completed and the number of participants involved [6,14,15].”
Background
Characteristics and lessons learned from practice-based research networks (PBRNs) in the United States
Cohen, D. J., Keller, S., DeVoe, J. E., & Davis (2012) · Journal of Healthcare Leadership · doi:10.2147/jhl.s16441 · Cited by 54
“Frequently considered the seminal US PBRN, the ASPN’s research and leadership played a critical role in early PBRN development.(9,10) A second national PBRN, Pediatric Research in Office Settings, was established in 1986 by the American Academy of Pediatrics, demonstrating the merit of these networks.”
Influential
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“This illustrates the specific need for collecting data from the sector of care where the patients are thought to benefit from the research results, and hence the relevance of data collected through primary care practice-based research networks (144).”
Background
Revisiting Practice-Based Research Networks as a Platform for Mental Health Services Research
McMillen, J. C., Lenze, S. L., Hawley, K. M., & Osborne, V. A. (2009) · Administration and Policy in Mental Health and Mental Health Services Research · doi:10.1007/s10488-009-0222-2 · Cited by 48
“This work went largely unnoticed in the United States until the late 1970s, when family medicine physicians began to promote PBRNs within their field (e.g., Green and Hickner 2005).”
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Self-citation
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DeVoe, J. E., Likumahuwa-Ackman, S., Eiff, M. P., Nelson, C. A., Carroll, J. E., Hill, C., Gold, R. B., & Kullberg, P. (2012) · The Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine · doi:10.3122/jabfm.2012.05.120141 · Cited by 42
Research and evaluation in the transformation of primary care.
Peek, C. J., Cohen, D. J., & deGruy, F. V. (2014) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/a0036223 · Cited by 42
“PBRNs have been a feature of primary care research in the United States since the early 1980s (Davis, Keller, DeVoe, & Cohen, 2012; L. A. Green & Hickner, 2006).”
Background
Optimizing Practice Through Research: A New Perspective to Solve an Old Problem
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Family Medicine Research in the United States From the late 1960s Into the Future.
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A trans-disciplinary approach to the evaluation of social determinants of health in a hispanic population
Dulin, M., Tapp, H., Smith, H. A., de Hernandez, B. U., Coffman, M. J., Ludden, T., Sørensen, J., & Furuseth, O. J. (2012) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/1471-2458-12-769 · Cited by 36
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Background
The Prevention Research Centers as Models of Practice-Based Evidence
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Self-citation
Formation of a primary care pharmacist practice-based research network
Dickerson, L. M., Kraus, C. K., Kuo, G. M., Weber, C. A., Bazaldua, O. V., Tovar, J. M., Hume, A. L., Ives, T. J., Gums, J. G., & Carter, B. L. (2007) · American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy · doi:10.2146/ajhp060650 · Cited by 35
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“(Green and Hickner have provided an excellent history of the development of PBRNs, for those interested in more detail.(4)) An important evolution of PBRNs began to take shape around the turn of the century as federal funders, in providing precious infrastructure funding for PBRNs, prioritized networks with clinicians…”
Background
Pharmacy practice-based research networks: Why, what, who, and how
Lipowski, E. E. (2008) · Journal of the American Pharmacists Association · doi:10.1331/japha.2008.08018 · Cited by 34
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“Thus, continuous quality improvement, Berwick said, has been one of medicine’s best applications of participatory research and evaluation in response to the growing concern that academic medical research and evidence-based medicine were failing to translate its research fully to practice.4 Primary care researchers and…”
BackgroundSelf-citation
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Background
Public Health Research and Action: Reflections on Challenges and Possibilities of Community-Based Participatory Research
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“…Participatory Research (CBPR) (Israel, 2005; Minkler & Wallerstein, 2008), Participatory Action Research (PAR) (Cornwall & Jewkes, 1995), Action Research (Reason & Bradbury, 2001, 2008), and Research Practice Networks (Green & Hickner, 2006; Westfall, Mold & Fagnan, 2007), amongst others.”
Outcomes of root canal treatment in Dental Practice-Based Research Network practices.
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“Study topic Preventive services* 9 (35) 2 (50) 5 (63) 2 (14) Care delivery models 9 (35) 1 (25) 2 (25) 6 (43) Specific disease 3 (12) 0 (0) 0 (0) 3 (21) Geriatric topics 3 (12) 0 (0) 0 (0) 3 (21) Medication management 2 (8) 1 (25) 1 (13) 0 (0) Study length—mean (range) 3.”
Practice-based research networks add value to evidence-based quality improvement
Goldstein, K. M., Vogt, D. S., Hamilton, A., Frayne, S. M., Gierisch, J. M., Blakeney, J., Sadler, A. G., Bean‐Mayberry, B., Carney, D. V., Leone, B. A. L. D., et al. (2017) · Healthcare · doi:10.1016/j.hjdsi.2017.06.008 · Cited by 27
Creating a culture of research
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“Indeed, despite the enormous practical obstacles, some clinicians have succeeded in establishing their own research programs, and others have joined likeminded colleagues in creating networks of clinician-focused research groups [29–31].”
Background
Practice Benefit from Participating in a Practice-based Research Network Study of Postpartum Depression: A National Research Network (NRN) Report
Yawn, B. P., Pace, W. D., Dietrich, A. J., Bertram, S. L., Kurland, M., Graham, D., Huff, J., Rocca, L. G., & Wollan, P. C. (2010) · The Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine · doi:10.3122/jabfm.2010.04.090246 · Cited by 27
Practice-based Research Networks (PBRNs) Bridging the Gaps between Communities, Funders, and Policymakers
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“PRNs have their origins in medicine with the pioneering work of key individuals including British General Practitioners James McKenzie, Will Pickles, and John Fry (see Barkham 2014; Green and Hickner 2006).”
Background
Helping address the national research and research capacity needs of Australian chiropractic: introducing the Australian Chiropractic Research Network (ACORN) project
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“A PBRN design has been previously utilised in a range of health care fields including general practice [21-23], pharmacy [24] and dentistry [25].”
Background
Practice-based Research Networks (PBRNs) in the United States: Growing and Still Going After All These Years
Hickner, J., & Green, L. A. (2015) · The Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine · doi:10.3122/jabfm.2015.05.150227 · Cited by 42
Self-citation
Preliminary Findings on the Use of Osteopathic Manipulative Treatment: Outcomes During the Formation of the Practice-Based Research Network, DO-Touch.NET
Degenhardt, B. F., Johnson, J. C., Gross, S., Hagan, C., Lund, G. C., & Curry, W. J. (2014) · Journal of Osteopathic Medicine · doi:10.7556/jaoa.2014.033 · Cited by 24
Recruiting Rural Participants for a Telehealth Intervention on Diabetes Self‐Management
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“18-20 The presence of a network allows researchers to build long-term relationships with local care providers and establish a foundation for future research endeavors.(18,21) While these approaches have proven successful, they require significant time and effort to establish trusted and mutually beneficial relationshi…”
Improving the efficiency and effectiveness of pragmatic clinical trials in older adults in the United States
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Review Strategies to Recruit and Retain Rural Patient Participating Self-management Behavioral Trials
Young, L., Barnason, S. A., & Do, V. (2015) · Online Journal of Rural Research & Policy · doi:10.4148/1936-0487.1070 · Cited by 25
“The Practice-Based Research Networks model (Lindbloom et al., 2004; Mold & Peterson, 2005), on the other hand, utilizes rural healthcare providers to conduct research (Green & Hickner, 2006).”
Conducting medication safety research projects in a primary care physician practice-based research network
Kuo, G. M., Steinbauer, J. R., & Spann, S. J. (2008) · Journal of the American Pharmacists Association · doi:10.1331/japha.2008.07142 · Cited by 23
Practice‐based research networks: Origins, overview, obstacles, and opportunities
Barkham, M. (2014) · Counselling and Psychotherapy Research · doi:10.1080/14733145.2014.929414 · Cited by 22
Signposts Along the NIH Roadmap for Reengineering Clinical Research Lessons From the Clinical Research Networks Initiative
Williams, R. L. (2008) · Archives of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/archinte.168.17.1919 · Cited by 22
“Articles that exist typically describe processes of a single study or type of network.(13) We report herein lessons learned from the Clinical Research Networks initiative with these 12 diverse networks reflecting their efforts with expansion and linkage, including both successes and barriers encountered.”
Background
Engaging Communities in Education and Research: PBRNs, AHEC, and CTSA
Westfall, J. M., Ingram, B., Navarro, D., Magee, D., Niebauer, L., ZITTLEMAN, L. K., Fernald, D. H., & Pace, W. D. (2012) · Clinical and Translational Science · doi:10.1111/j.1752-8062.2011.00389.x · Cited by 22
“Community clinicians provide a significant amount of clinical education and training to health professional students in all disciplines, and are key participants in practice-based research [11–15].”
Impacting Population Cardiovascular Health Through a Community‐Based Practice Network: Update on an ASH‐Supported Collaborative
Egan, B. M., Laken, M. A., Wagner, C. S., Mack, S. S., Seymour‐Edwards, K., Dodson, J. A., Zhao, Y., & Lackland, D. T. (2011) · Journal of Clinical Hypertension · doi:10.1111/j.1751-7176.2011.00491.x · Cited by 20
“Practice networks were developed in the 1970s to improve health care through ongoing quality improvement and ⁄ or practice-based research.(2) Many practices successfully implemented new guidelines and tested new treatments in primary care settings where they are most often used.”
Background
Options for Meaningful Engagement in Clinical Research for Busy Frontline Clinicians
Goldstein, K. M., Gierisch, J. M., Tucker, M., Williams, J. W., Dolor, R. J., & Henderson, W. (2021) · Journal of General Internal Medicine · doi:10.1007/s11606-020-06587-3 · Cited by 20
Preventing the Voltage Drop: Keeping Practice-based Research Network (PBRN) Practices Engaged in Studies
Yawn, B. P., Dietrich, A. J., Graham, D., Bertram, S. L., Kurland, M., Madison, S., Littlefield, D., Manning, B. K., Smail, C., & Pace, W. D. (2014) · The Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine · doi:10.3122/jabfm.2014.01.130026 · Cited by 20
Practice-Based Research Networks, Part I: Clinical Laboratories to Generate and Translate Research Findings Into Effective Patient Care
Sauers, E. L., McLeod, T. C. V., & Bay, R. C. (2012) · Journal of Athletic Training · doi:10.4085/1062-6050-47.5.11 · Cited by 19
“The first US PBRNs were regional primary care networks that emerged in the 1970s.(36) Although most AHRQregistered PBRNs focus on primary care, a wide variety of PBRNs focus on areas including dentistry, pharmacy, and chiropractic.”
Background
Role of practice-based research networks in comparative effectiveness research
Hartung, D. M., Guise, J., Fagnan, L. J., Davis, M. M., & Stange, K. C. (2012) · Journal of Comparative Effectiveness Research · doi:10.2217/cer.11.7 · Cited by 18
“These seminal studies were critical in demonstrating that community-based physicians could generate important research findings within the context of their clinical practices [6].”
Background
The PBRN Initiative: Transforming New Technologies to Improve Patient Care
Curro, F. A., Vena, D., Naftolin, F., Terracio, L., & Thompson, V. P. (2012) · Journal of Dental Research · doi:10.1177/0022034512447948 · Cited by 17
“First conceived over 100 years ago in England, PBRNs took root in the United States in the 1970s (Lanier, 2005; Green and Hickner, 2006).”
Background
Practice-Based Research Networks and the Mandate for Real-World Evidence
Hall-Lipsy, E., Barraza, L., & Robertson, C. (2018) · American Journal of Law & Medicine · doi:10.1177/0098858818789428 · Cited by 16
Institutional review board and regulatory solutions in The Dental PBRN
Gilbert, G. H., Qvist, V., Moore, S. D., Rindal, D. B., Fellows, J. L., Gordan, V. V., Williams, O. D., & for the DPBRN Collaborative Group (2009) · Journal of Public Health Dentistry · doi:10.1111/j.1752-7325.2009.00139.x · Cited by 17
Evaluating Primary Care Research Networks: A Review of Currently Available Tools
van Os-Bleeker, J. M. C., Stalman, W. A. B., & van der Horst, H. E. (2010) · The Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine · doi:10.3122/jabfm.2010.04.090297 · Cited by 17
“a decade earlier only 28 PCRNs could be identified.(6) PCRNs initially were developed to provide”
Background
Coordinating Centers and Multi-Practice-based Research Network (PBRN) Research
Mold, J. W., Lipman, P. D., & Durako, S. J. (2012) · The Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine · doi:10.3122/jabfm.2012.05.110302 · Cited by 17
Lesson Learned in the Growth and Maturation Stages of a Community Pharmacy Practice-Based Research Network: Experiences of the Medication Safety Research Network of Indiana (Rx-SafeNet)
Kozak, M. A., Gernant, S. A., Hemmeger, H. M., & Snyder, M. E. (2015) · INNOVATIONS in pharmacy · doi:10.24926/iip.v6i2.385 · Cited by 16
Development of the Massachusetts School Nurse Research Network (MASNRN): A Practice-Based Research Network to Improve the Quality of School Nursing Practice
Vessey, J. A., & the Founding Oversight Board Members of MASNRN (2007) · The Journal of School Nursing · doi:10.1177/10598405070230020201 · Cited by 16
“Since their inception in the United States in the late 1970s, numerous physician-centered PBRNs have emerged (Green & Hickner, 2006; Wasserman, Slora, & Bocian, 2003).”
Background
How generalisable are results of studies conducted in practice‐based research networks? A cross‐sectional study of general practitioner demographics in two New South Wales networks
Magin, P. J., Marshall, M. J., Goode, S. M., Cotter, G. L., Pond, D. C., & Zwar, N. A. (2011) · The Medical Journal of Australia · doi:10.5694/j.1326-5377.2011.tb03283.x · Cited by 15
Lessons from Initiating the First Veterans Health Administration (VA) Women's Health Practice-based Research Network (WH-PBRN) Study
Pomernacki, A., Carney, D. V., Kimerling, R. E., Nazarian, D., Blakeney, J., Martin, B. D., Strehlow, H., Yosef, J., Goldstein, K. M., Sadler, A. G., et al. (2015) · The Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine · doi:10.3122/jabfm.2015.05.150029 · Cited by 15
Practice-based Research Networks at the Crossroads of Research Translation
Nagykaldi, Z. J. (2014) · The Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine · doi:10.3122/jabfm.2014.06.140263 · Cited by 15
Recruitment of community pharmacies in a randomized trial to generate patient referrals to the tobacco quitline
Corelli, R. L., Zillich, A. J., de Moor, C., Giuliano, M. R., Arnold, J., Fenlon, C. M., Douglas, C. L., Magnusson, B., Zbikowski, S. M., Prokhorov, A. V., et al. (2012) · Research in Social and Administrative Pharmacy · doi:10.1016/j.sapharm.2012.06.001 · Cited by 14
Représentativité des médecins généralistes maîtres de stage universitaires
Leroy, O., Bouton, C., Huez, J.-F., Bellanger, W., & Ramond‐Roquin, A. (2015) · Santé Publique · doi:10.3917/spub.151.0059 · Cited by 14
A Review of 50 Years of International Literature on the External Environment of Building Practice-Based Research Networks (PBRNs)
Dania, A., Nagykaldi, Z. J., Haaranen, A., Muris, J. W. M., Evans, P. H., Mäntyselkä, P. T., & van Weel, C. (2022) · The Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine · doi:10.3122/jabfm.2022.04.210411 · Cited by 13
Future Directions for Practice-Based Research Networks (PBRNs): A CERA Survey
Binienda, J., Neale, A. V., & Wallace, L. (2018) · Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine · doi:10.3122/jabfm.2018.06.180069 · Cited by 13
“The earliest PBRNs were organized in the 1970s and provided important observations on the natural history of primary care health concerns.(2) The land-”
Background
Developing Primary Care: The Contribution of Primary Care Research Networks
Peckham, S., & Hutchison, B. G. (2012) · Healthcare policy · doi:10.12927/hcpol.2012.23132 · Cited by 13
“In addition, primary care practice involves an interest in the appropriateness of care and low-technology interventions as well as new drugs (Carter et al. 2000; Green and Hickner 2006; Thomas et al. 2001).”
Background
Positioning Social Work Researchers for Engaged Scholarship to Promote Public Impact
Jensen, T. M., & Kainz, K. (2019) · Journal of the Society for Social Work and Research · doi:10.1086/706266 · Cited by 15
“Historically rooted in primary-care settings (Green & Hickner, 2006; Mold & Peterson, 2005), practice-based research networks (PBRN) are “ collaborations of practicing providers who commit to using their work settings as laboratories for practice-based knowledge generation ” (McMillen, Lenze,…”
Background
Impacting pediatric primary care: Opportunities and challenges for behavioral research in a shifting healthcare landscape.
Riley, A. R., & Freeman, K. A. (2018) · Behavior Analysis Research and Practice · doi:10.1037/bar0000114 · Cited by 12
“Such research is often conducted in practice-based research networks (PBRNs), collectives of practitioners who collaborate with researchers to serve as “realworld” laboratories (Green & Hickner, 2006; Heintzman et al., 2014; Nutting, Beasley, & Werner, 1999).”
Background
MAPPING THE FUTURE OF PRIMARY HEALTHCARE RESEARCH IN CANADA
Glazier, R. (2008) · The Annals of Family Medicine · doi:10.1370/afm.810 · Cited by 12
Leading Improvement through Inquiry: Practice-based Research Networks in Public Health
Mays, G. P. (2011) · UKnowledge (University of Kentucky) · Cited by 11
Is a practice-based rural research network feasible in Europe?
Klemenc–Ketiš, Z., Kurpas, D., Tsiligianni, I., Petrazzuoli, F., Jacquet, J.-P., Buono, N., Lopez-Abuin, J. M., & Lionis, C. D. (2015) · European Journal of General Practice · doi:10.3109/13814788.2015.1046376 · Cited by 11
“As a place, they are laboratories for quality surveillance and research, by meeting the population health needs which assists the family physicians in their responsibility to improve frontline clinical care (19).”
Background
A Narrative Review of Natural History of Diseases and Continuity of Care in Family Medicine
Turabián, J. L. (2017) · Archives of Community Medicine and Public Health · doi:10.17352/2455-5479.000023 · Cited by 10
“Some of them have been recognized for their seminal work in the last 125 years [7-10,64-68].”
Background
Praxis-based Research Networks: An Emerging Paradigm for Research That is Rigorous, Relevant, and Inclusive
Werner, J. J., & Stange, K. C. (2014) · The Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine · doi:10.3122/jabfm.2014.06.140034 · Cited by 11
“vestigating questions to improve the quality of primary care.(1) This work initially involved developing”
Background
Comparison of practice based research network based quality improvement technical assistance and evaluation to other ongoing quality improvement efforts for changes in agency culture
Livingood, W. C., Peden, A. H., Shah, G. H., Marshall, N. A., Gonzalez, K. M., Toal, R. B., Alexander, D. S., Wright, A., & Woodhouse, L. D. (2015) · BMC Health Services Research · doi:10.1186/s12913-015-0956-3 · Cited by 9
“PBRNs originated with clinical practices where they have demonstrated over decades that that they can make major and unique contributions in improving clinical practice [21–25].”
Establishing a Practice‐Based Research Network: Lessons From the Massachusetts Experience
Pulcini, J. A., Sheetz, A. H., & DeSisto, M. C. (2008) · Journal of School Health · doi:10.1111/j.1746-1561.2007.00280.x · Cited by 9
Project ECHO Integrated Within the Oregon Rural Practice-based Research Network (ORPRN)
McDonnell, M., Elder, N., Stock, R., Wolf, M., Steeves-Reece, A., & Graham, T. (2020) · Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine · doi:10.3122/jabfm.2020.05.200051 · Cited by 9
Community-Engagement Strategies of the Developmental Disabilities Practice-based Research Network (DD-PBRN)
Tyler, C. V., & Werner, J. J. (2014) · The Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine · doi:10.3122/jabfm.2014.06.140022 · Cited by 9
“Developmental disabilities (DDs) are defined by federal law as severe chronic disabilities manifesting before age 22 due to a physical and/or mental impairment and resulting in “substantial functional limitations in 3 or more of the following areas of life activity: (1) self-care; (2) receptive and expressive language…”
Background
Survey Email Scheduling and Monitoring in eRCTs (SESAMe): A Digital Tool to Improve Data Collection in Randomized Controlled Clinical Trials
Skonnord, T., Steen, F., Skjeie, H., Fetveit, A., Brekke, M., & Klovning, A. (2016) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/jmir.6560 · Cited by 9
“Interventions usually take place in small and busy practices, and researchers often need to organize their study by themselves [1-3].”
Background
Patient-Centered Research Priorities: A Mixed-Methods Approach from the Colorado Children's Outcomes Network (COCONet)
Brewer, S. E., Crump, N. M., & O’Leary, S. T. (2019) · The Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine · doi:10.3122/jabfm.2019.05.190028 · Cited by 9
The Epistemology of Practice: An Argument for Practice-Based Research in HRD
Dirkx, J. M. (2008) · Human Resource Development Review · doi:10.1177/1534484308320857 · Cited by 9
“This movement is predicated on the assumption that “new knowledge can be discovered by practicing family physicians” (Green & Hickner, 2006, p. 1).”
Background

Authors: Green, L. A., & Hickner, J.
Affiliations: University of Colorado Health (US)
University of Chicago (US)
Venue: The Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine
Publisher: American Board of Family Medicine (ABFM)
Published: 2006-01-01
Volume: 19
Issue: 1
Pages: 1-10
ISSN: 1557-2625 (ISSN-L)
1558-7118
DOI: 10.3122/jabfm.19.1.1
OpenAlex: W2134927115
Cited by: 187
References: 40
Citations by year: 2026: 6 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 20 · 2014: 16 · 2013: 7 · 2012: 21
FWCI: 22.52
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: bronze
doi.org
Locations: The Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Family Practice › Primary Care and Health Outcomes
Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Health and Medical Research Impacts
Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Health Sciences Research and Education
Keywords: practice-based research networks, primary care research, research infrastructure, family medicine research
MeSH terms: Family Practice, Humans, Laboratories, Primary Health Care, Research Support as Topic, United States, Biomedical Research, History, 20th Century

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A Short History of Primary Care Practice-based Research Networks: From Concept to Essential Research Laboratories

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