The DOI matches its Crossref record; 102 of the 105 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Unsettled Times: Indigenous Incarceration and the Links between Colonialism and the Penitentiary in Canada
Abstract
The high rate of Indigenous incarceration is a well-documented problem throughout Canada. Within mainstream discourses, this problem is often framed as the legacy or effects of colonialism, which has resulted in the systemic racism and cultural and socio-economic deprivation experienced by Indigenous people today. An increasing body of scholarly literature is challenging the assumption that colonialism is something of the past by looking at how its structures and logics persist today. Thus far, however, little consideration has been given to the colonial context and emergence of Indigenous incarceration in Canada. By tracing the historical links between modern colonialism and the emergence of the Canadian penitentiary into the present, this research reveals some of the hidden connections that contribute to the current rates of Indigenous incarceration and the relationship that continues to exist between colonialism and the penal system today. These findings highlight a socio-politics of incarceration that go beyond a crime and justice framework.
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In the citing paper
“Since the early settlement (1763-1867) and nation-building (1867-1910) periods, carceral institutions of policing, courts and prisons have been used to suppress Indigenous political action and consolidate the nation (Chartrand, 2019).”
From Decolonizing Research on the Carceral in Canadian Political Science (2023) · cites this paper as Chartrand, 2019
In the citing paper
“In the 1950s and 1960s, numbers of Indigenous peoples in the prison and the child welfare systems began to rise to the stark numbers today (Chartrand, 2019; Standing Committee on the Status of Women, 2017).”
From Decolonizing Research on the Carceral in Canadian Political Science (2023) · cites this paper as Chartrand, 2019
In the citing paper
“Prisons, in particular, were and continue to be powerful symbols of the punitive authority of the Dominion of Canada (Chartrand, 2019).”
From Decolonizing Research on the Carceral in Canadian Political Science (2023) · cites this paper as Chartrand, 2019
In the citing paper
“Canada has always been a carceral state organized around institutions and methods of social control (see Chartrand, 2019).”
From Decolonizing Research on the Carceral in Canadian Political Science (2023) · cites this paper as Chartrand, 2019
In the citing paper
“Formal segregation and assimilation legislation were replaced with integration policies and an expansion of general social welfare programs to Indigenous peoples (Chartrand, 2019).”
From Decolonizing Research on the Carceral in Canadian Political Science (2023) · cites this paper as Chartrand, 2019
In the citing paper
“The role of institutions shifted with the postwar era, with a new wave of reforms in settling the nation.”
From Decolonizing Research on the Carceral in Canadian Political Science (2023) · cites this paper as Chartrand, 2019
In the citing paper
“CPS scholars correctly identify the colonial lineage of the prison (Chartrand, 2019).”
From Decolonizing prisons: Indigenized programming and a critique of critical prison studies (2023) · cites this paper as Chartrand, 2019
Citations
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Flagged first, then by citations
3 of the 105 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Research works printed but not linked: 46
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Items 101–124 of 124
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Bird, D. (2024) · Journal of Prisoners on Prisons · doi:10.18192/jpp.v33i2.7131
Decolonization and Restorative Justice: Addressing Canada’s Indigenous Incarceration
Kito, A. (2024) · MacEwan University Student eJournal · doi:10.31542/4qjr1n28
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Laidlaw, L. (2024) · Feminist Legal Studies · doi:10.1007/s10691-024-09550-3 · Cited by 1
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Zota, A. I., Melouka, I., & Wemmers, J.-A. (2025) · International Review of Victimology · doi:10.1177/02697580251338312
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Davis, J., Heintzman, I., & Mehta, A. (2025) · International Journal on Homelessness · doi:10.5206/ijoh.2023.3.22160
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Kievit, B., Xavier, J. C., Ferguson, M., Palis, H., Moallef, S., Slaunwhite, A., Gillis, T., Virk, R., & Buxton, J. A. (2022) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.20381688
Klassen, B., Walker, M., Wells, A., Stephany, K., Verma, A. R., Jacobsen, K., Booth, S., BROWN, V., Woligroski, B., Fulcher, K., et al. (2026) · Journal of Homosexuality · doi:10.1080/00918369.2026.2621166
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de la Tierra, A. (2026) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/9780197851401.003.0898
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Metadata
- Authors
- Chartrand, V.
- Affiliations
- Bishop's University (CA)
- Corresponding author
- Chartrand, Vicki
- ORCID
- Chartrand, Vicki
- Venue
- Canadian Journal of Criminology and Criminal Justice
- Published
- 2019-07
- Volume
- 61
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 67-89
- ISSN
- 1707-7753 (ISSN-L)
- 1911-0219
- OpenAlex
- W2937081146
- Cited by
- 120
- References
- 105
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 15 · 2024: 19 · 2023: 28 · 2022: 20 · 2021: 19 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 2
- FWCI
- 25.62
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Canadian Journal of Criminology and Criminal Justice/La Revue canadienne de criminologie et de justice pénale (publishedVersion)
- Project Muse (Johns Hopkins University) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Criminal Justice and Corrections Analysis
- Social Sciences › Law › Criminal Justice and Penology
- Social Sciences › Health › Indigenous Health, Education, and Rights
- Keywords
- Indigenous incarceration, colonialism, penitentiary system, systemic racism, indigenous peoples, Canada
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