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Cited by 124Criminal Justice and Corrections AnalysisCriminal Justice and PenologyIndigenous Health, Education, and Rights

Unsettled Times: Indigenous Incarceration and the Links between Colonialism and the Penitentiary in Canada

Chartrand, Vicki·2019·Canadian Journal of Criminology and Criminal Justice
DOI 10.3138/cjccj.2018-0029
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Abstract

The high rate of Indigenous incarceration is a well-documented problem throughout Canada. Within mainstream discourses, this problem is often framed as the legacy or effects of colonialism, which has resulted in the systemic racism and cultural and socio-economic deprivation experienced by Indigenous people today. An increasing body of scholarly literature is challenging the assumption that colonialism is something of the past by looking at how its structures and logics persist today. Thus far, however, little consideration has been given to the colonial context and emergence of Indigenous incarceration in Canada. By tracing the historical links between modern colonialism and the emergence of the Canadian penitentiary into the present, this research reveals some of the hidden connections that contribute to the current rates of Indigenous incarceration and the relationship that continues to exist between colonialism and the penal system today. These findings highlight a socio-politics of incarceration that go beyond a crime and justice framework.

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Crossref · 10.3138/cjccj.2018-0029

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  • Since the early settlement (1763-1867) and nation-building (1867-1910) periods, carceral institutions of policing, courts and prisons have been used to suppress Indigenous political action and consolidate the nation.

    “Since the early settlement (1763-1867) and nation-building (1867-1910) periods, carceral institutions of policing, courts and prisons have been used to suppress Indigenous political action and consolidate the nation (Chartrand, 2019).”

    From Decolonizing Research on the Carceral in Canadian Political Science (2023) · cites this paper as Chartrand, 2019

  • In the 1950s and 1960s, numbers of Indigenous peoples in the prison and the child welfare systems began to rise to the stark numbers today.

    “In the 1950s and 1960s, numbers of Indigenous peoples in the prison and the child welfare systems began to rise to the stark numbers today (Chartrand, 2019; Standing Committee on the Status of Women, 2017).”

    From Decolonizing Research on the Carceral in Canadian Political Science (2023) · cites this paper as Chartrand, 2019

  • Prisons, in particular, were and continue to be powerful symbols of the punitive authority of the Dominion of Canada.

    “Prisons, in particular, were and continue to be powerful symbols of the punitive authority of the Dominion of Canada (Chartrand, 2019).”

    From Decolonizing Research on the Carceral in Canadian Political Science (2023) · cites this paper as Chartrand, 2019

  • Canada has always been a carceral state organized around institutions and methods of social control.

    “Canada has always been a carceral state organized around institutions and methods of social control (see Chartrand, 2019).”

    From Decolonizing Research on the Carceral in Canadian Political Science (2023) · cites this paper as Chartrand, 2019

  • Formal segregation and assimilation legislation were replaced with integration policies and an expansion of general social welfare programs to Indigenous peoples.

    “Formal segregation and assimilation legislation were replaced with integration policies and an expansion of general social welfare programs to Indigenous peoples (Chartrand, 2019).”

    From Decolonizing Research on the Carceral in Canadian Political Science (2023) · cites this paper as Chartrand, 2019

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Authors
Chartrand, V.
Affiliations
Bishop's University (CA)
Corresponding author
Chartrand, Vicki
ORCID
Chartrand, Vicki
Venue
Canadian Journal of Criminology and Criminal Justice
Publisher
University of Toronto Press Inc. (UTPress)
Published
2019-07
Volume
61
Issue
3
Pages
67-89
ISSN
  • 1707-7753 (ISSN-L)
  • 1911-0219
DOI
10.3138/cjccj.2018-0029
OpenAlex
W2937081146
Cited by
120
References
105
Citations by year
2026: 7 · 2025: 15 · 2024: 19 · 2023: 28 · 2022: 20 · 2021: 19 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 2
FWCI
25.62
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • Canadian Journal of Criminology and Criminal Justice/La Revue canadienne de criminologie et de justice pénale (publishedVersion)
  • Project Muse (Johns Hopkins University) (submittedVersion)
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Criminal Justice and Corrections Analysis
  • Social Sciences › Law › Criminal Justice and Penology
  • Social Sciences › Health › Indigenous Health, Education, and Rights
Keywords
Indigenous incarceration, colonialism, penitentiary system, systemic racism, indigenous peoples, Canada

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