From pre- to postweaning: transformation of the young calf's gastrointestinal tract

Meale, Sarah J.; Chaucheyras-Durand, Frederique; Berends, Harma; Guan, Le Luo; Steele, Michael A.

doi:10.3168/jds.2016-12474

Cited by 164Ruminant Nutrition and Digestive PhysiologyAnimal Nutrition and PhysiologyAnimal health and immunology

From pre- to postweaning: transformation of the young calf's gastrointestinal tract

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Meale, Sarah J., Chaucheyras-Durand, Frederique, Berends, Harma, Guan, Le Luo, Steele, Michael A.·2017·Journal of Dairy Science

DOI 10.3168/jds.2016-12474

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Abstract

The ruminant gastrointestinal tract (GIT) faces the challenge of protecting the host from luminal contents and pathogens, while supporting the absorption and metabolism of nutrients for growth and maintenance. The GIT of the calf in early life undergoes some of the most rapid microbial and structural changes documented in nature, and these adaptations in GIT function make the young calf susceptible to GIT diseases and disorders. Despite these challenges, the calf's GIT has a certain degree of plasticity and can sense nutrient supply and respond to bioactive ingredients. Calf GIT research has historically focused on the transition during weaning and characterizing ruminal papillae development using microscopy and digesta metabolite responses. Through the use of new molecular-based approaches, we have recently shown that delaying the age of weaning and providing a step-down weaning protocol is associated with a more gradual shift in ruminal microbiota to a postweaned state. In addition to ruminal adaptations during weaning, nutrient flow to the lower gut changes dramatically during weaning, coinciding with a wide array of structural and microbiological changes. Structural and gene expression changes suggest that the lower gut of the dairy calf undergoes alterations that may reduce barrier function when solid feeds are consumed. More recently, in vivo data revealed that the weaning transition increases total gut permeability of the calf. Interestingly, the lower gut may be able to communicate with the forestomach, meaning that a nutrient can be sensed in the lower gut and cause subsequent adaptations in the forestomach. An improved understanding of how diet, microbiota, and functional ingredients interact to affect growth and barrier function of the intestinal tract would greatly benefit the dairy calf industry. A mechanistic understanding of such adaptations would also aid in the formulation of specific management regimens and provision of functional ingredients required to characterize and enhance gut function in young calves.

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Young calves rely on milk for the majority of their nutrition, as their gastrointestinal tract is not fully developed for digesting solids.
“Additionally, young calves rely on milk for the majority of their nutrition, as their gastrointestinal tract is not fully developed for digesting solids (8).”
From Effect of source and journey on physiological variables in calves transported by road and ferry between Ireland and the Netherlands (2023) · cites this paper as [8]

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Rieu, F., Fonty, G., Gaillard, B., & Gouet, P. (1990) · Canadian Journal of Microbiology · doi:10.1139/m90-025 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Pre- and Postweaning Attributes in Faunated and Ciliate-Free Calves Fed Calf Starter With or Without Fish Meal
SAHOO, A., Kamra, D. N., & Pathak, N. N. (2005) · Journal of Dairy Science · doi:10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(05)72879-4 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
EFFECT OF AGE AND DIET ON IN VITRO METABOLISM IN RUMEN EPITHELIUM FROM HOLSTEIN CALVES
Bush, R. S. (1988) · Canadian Journal of Animal Science · doi:10.4141/cjas88-139 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Expression of Ghrelin in gastrointestinal tract and the effect of early weaning on Ghrelin expression in lambs
Wang, W., Cheng, L., Guo, J., Ma, Y., & Li, C. (2014) · Molecular Biology Reports · doi:10.1007/s11033-013-2935-2 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
The development of solid food intake in calves 4. The effect of the addition of material to the rumen, or its removal from the rumen, on voluntary food intake
Hodgson, J. (1971) · Animal Science · doi:10.1017/s0003356100000040 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
A Mechanistic Model of Intermittent Gastric Emptying and Glucose-Insulin Dynamics following a Meal Containing Milk Components
Stahel, P., Cant, J. P., MacPherson, J. A. R., Berends, H., & Steele, M. A. (2016) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0156443 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Some aspects of the gastrointestinal microflora of veal calves fed different rations: A pilot study
Biesheuvel, M. H., Bijker, P. G. H., & Urlings, H. A. P. (1991) · Veterinary Quarterly · doi:10.1080/01652176.1991.9694291 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
The enzymatic activity of rumen microflora in calves
Kme, V., a, K. B., Javorský, P., & Nemcová, R. (1986) · Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition · doi:10.1111/j.1439-0396.1986.tb00551.x · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Nutrient utilization, dietary preferences, and gastrointestinal development in veal calves : interactions between solid feed and milk replacer
Berends, H. (2014) · doi:10.18174/312107 · Cited by 7 · see citing works

Flagged first, then by citations

2 of the 88 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.

Sorted by citations

Influence of the microbiota-gut-brain axis on behavior and welfare in farm animals: A review
Kraïmi, N., Dawkins, M. S., Gebhardt‐Henrich, S. G., Velge, P., Rychlı́k, I., Volf, J., Créach, P., Smith, A. L., Colles, F. M., & Leterrier, C. (2019) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2019.112658 · Cited by 145 · see citing works
“early life have been described in several farm animals (chick: [87]; calf: [88,89]; piglet: [90]; foal: [91]).”
Microbiota of newborn calves and their mothers reveals possible transfer routes for newborn calves’ gastrointestinal microbiota
Klein-Jöbstl, D., Quijada, N. M., Dzieciol, M., Feldbacher, B., Wagner, M., Drillich, M., Schmitz‐Esser, S., & Mann, E. (2019) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0220554 · Cited by 126 · see citing works
Characterization and Comparison of Microbiota in the Gastrointestinal Tracts of the Goat (Capra hircus) During Preweaning Development
Li, B., Zhang, K., Li, C., Wang, X., Chen, Y., & Yang, Y. (2019) · Frontiers in Microbiology · doi:10.3389/fmicb.2019.02125 · Cited by 113 · see citing works
“Concomitant with the solid-feed intake and increase of microbial activity, the rumen then becomes functional and improves its absorptive and metabolic capacity by increasing its surface area and volume (Rey et al., 2012; Steele et al., 2016;Meale et al., 2017).”
Background
Long-term consistency of personality traits of cattle
Neave, H. W., Costa, J. H. C., Weary, D. M., & von Keyserlingk, M. A. G. (2020) · Royal Society Open Science · doi:10.1098/rsos.191849 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Effect of Early Weaning on the Intestinal Microbiota and Expression of Genes Related to Barrier Function in Lambs
Li, C., Wang, W., Liu, T., Zhang, Q., Wang, G., Li, F., Li, F., Yue, X., & Li, T. (2018) · Frontiers in Microbiology · doi:10.3389/fmicb.2018.01431 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
“Meale et al. (2017) also reported that host PRRs were stimulated post-weaning.”
Background
Direct-fed microbial supplementation influences the bacteria community composition of the gastrointestinal tract of pre- and post-weaned calves
Fomenky, B., Do, D. N., Talbot, G., Chiquette, J., Bissonnette, N., Chouinard, Y., Lessard, M., & Ibeagha-Awemu, E. (2018) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-018-32375-5 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Evolution of rumen and oral microbiota in calves is influenced by age and time of weaning
Amin, N., Schwarzkopf, S., Kinoshita, A., Tröscher-Mußotter, J., Dänicke, S., Camarinha‐Silva, A., Huber, K., Frahm, J., & Seifert, J. (2021) · Animal Microbiome · doi:10.1186/s42523-021-00095-3 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
“Ruminants possess regurgitation activity that enables them to bring ruminal contents back to the mouth for chewing partially digested plant material [1].”
Background
Impact of Probiotics on Dairy Production Efficiency
Nalla, K., Manda, N. K., Dhillon, H. S., Kanade, S. R., Rokana, N., Hess, M., & Puniya, A. K. (2022) · Frontiers in Microbiology · doi:10.3389/fmicb.2022.805963 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
“During the preweaning stage of life, the relative number of beneficial genera of Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, Proteobacteria remains dominant, followed by Elusimicrobia, Fibrobacteres, Bifidobacterium, Tenericutes and Verrucomicrobia (Meale et al., 2016).”
Background
Fecal microbiota dynamics and its relationship to diarrhea and health in dairy calves
Chen, H., Liu, Y., Huang, K., Yang, B., Zhang, Y., Yu, Z., & Wang, J. (2022) · Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology/Journal of animal science and biotechnology · doi:10.1186/s40104-022-00758-4 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
“The nutritional stresses coupled with changes in gut microbiota during and immediately after weaning increase the risk of enteric diseases, particularly diarrhea [17, 18].”
Background
Systematic review of an intervention: the use of probiotics to improve health and productivity of calves
Alawneh, J. I., Barreto, M. O., Moore, R. J., Soust, M., Al-harbi, H., James, A. S., Krishnan, D., & Olchowy, T. W. J. (2020) · Preventive Veterinary Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.prevetmed.2020.105147 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Feeding essential oils to neonatal holstein dairy calves results in increased ruminal prevotellaceae abundance and propionate concentrations
Poudel, P., Froehlich, K., Casper, D. P., & St-Pierre, B. (2019) · Microorganisms · doi:10.3390/microorganisms7050120 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
“This stage may provide a window of opportunity for manipulation, potentially allowing to increase the productivity and health of mature host animals through modulating the composition of their developing rumen microbiome [23,24].”
Background
Butyrate Supplementation Improves Intestinal Health and Growth Performance in Livestock: A Review
Chen, W., Ma, Q., Li, Y., Wei, L., Zhang, Z., Khan, A. A., Khan, M. Z., & Wang, C. (2025) · Biomolecules · doi:10.3390/biom15010085 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
“This perspective is consistent with numerous studies demonstrating the challenges faced during the weaning process, which not only requires rumen development [41] but also the regulation of inflammatory responses [42,43].”
The microbiota: a key regulator of health, productivity, and reproductive success in mammals
Khan, I. M., Nassar, N., Chang, H., Khan, S., Cheng, M., Wang, Z., & Xiang, X. (2024) · Frontiers in Microbiology · doi:10.3389/fmicb.2024.1480811 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
ADSA Foundation Scholar Award: New frontiers in calf and heifer nutrition—From conception to puberty
van Niekerk, J. K., Fischer-Tlustos, A. J., Wilms, J. N., Hare, K. S., Welboren, A. C., Lopez, A. J., Yohe, T. T., Cangiano, L. R., Leal, L. N., & Steele, M. A. (2021) · Journal of Dairy Science · doi:10.3168/jds.2020-20004 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Active dry yeast supplementation improves the growth performance, rumen fermentation, and immune response of weaned beef calves
Ma, J., Wang, C., Wang, Z., Cao, G., Hu, R., Wang, X., Zou, H., Kang, K., Peng, Q., Bai, X., et al. (2021) · Animal nutrition · doi:10.1016/j.aninu.2021.06.006 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Sodium butyrate promotes gastrointestinal development of preweaning bull calves via inhibiting inflammation, balancing nutrient metabolism, and optimizing microbial community functions
Zhong, H., Yu, W., Wang, M., Lin, B., Sun, X., Zheng, N., Wang, J., & Zhao, S. (2023) · Animal nutrition · doi:10.1016/j.aninu.2023.04.004 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
“(Meale et al., 2017), and have a long-term effect on their subsequent growth, development, and production performance (Meale et al.”
BackgroundInfluential
The influence of mulberry leaf flavonoids and Candida tropicalis on antioxidant function and gastrointestinal development of preweaning calves challenged with Escherichia coli O141:K99
Wang, B., Yang, C., Diao, Q., & Tu, Y. (2018) · Journal of Dairy Science · doi:10.3168/jds.2017-13957 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Effect of starter diet supplementation on rumen epithelial morphology and expression of genes involved in cell proliferation and metabolism in pre-weaned lambs
Sun, D., Mao, S., Zhu, W., & Liu, J. (2018) · animal · doi:10.1017/s1751731118000290 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Supplementation of live yeast based feed additive in early life promotes rumen microbial colonization and fibrolytic potential in lambs
Chaucheyras‐Durand, F., Ameilbonne, A., Auffret, P., Bernard, M., Mialon, M., Dunière, L., & Forano, É. (2019) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-019-55825-0 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Nutraceuticals
Ballou, M., Davis, E. M., & Kasl, B. A. (2019) · Veterinary Clinics of North America Food Animal Practice · doi:10.1016/j.cvfa.2019.08.004 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
“68 Many of the probiotic microorganisms supplemented are either strict anaerobes or facultative anaerobes that commonly increase in abundance as an animal increases in age and are more often lactic acid-producing bacteria.”
The roles of short-chain fatty acids derived from colonic bacteria fermentation of non-digestible carbohydrates and exogenous forms in ameliorating intestinal mucosal immunity of young ruminants
He, Z., & Dong, H. (2023) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2023.1291846 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
“The variation of colonic bacterial composition signi ﬁ cantly diminishes by four weeks of age (78).”
Background
Effects of exchanging lactose for fat in milk replacer on ad libitum feed intake and growth performance in dairy calves
Berends, H., van Laar, H., Leal, L. N., Gerrits, W. J. J., & Martín‐Tereso, J. (2020) · Journal of Dairy Science · doi:10.3168/jds.2019-17382 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
“, 2013) and suggests that solid feed intake in the presence of ad libitum milk or ad libitum CMR was regulated by rate of rumen development (Meale et al., 2017), distension, or natural preference.”
Background
Endotoxin Translocation and Gut Inflammation Are Increased in Broiler Chickens Receiving an Oral Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) Bolus during Heat Stress
Reisinger, N., Emsenhuber, C., Doupovec, B., Mayer, E., Schatzmayr, G., Nagl, V., & Grenier, B. (2020) · Toxins · doi:10.3390/toxins12100622 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
“Different stressors can lead to a comprised gut barrier; that is, suboptimal diet composition [33], mycotoxins [34,35], heat stress [36], and weaning stress in pigs [37] and cattle [38].”
Background
Growth Performance and Feed Intake Assessment of Italian Holstein Calves Fed a Hay-Based Total Mixed Ration: Preliminary Steps towards a Prediction Model
Cavallini, D., Raspa, F., Marliani, G., Nannoni, E., Martelli, G., Sardi, L., Valle, E., Pollesel, M., Tassinari, M., & Buonaiuto, G. (2023) · Veterinary Sciences · doi:10.3390/vetsci10090554 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
“Indeed, from birth to post-weaning, calves undergo great physiological and metabolic changes [3].”
Symposium review: microbial endocrinology—why the integration of microbes, epithelial cells, and neurochemical signals in the digestive tract matters to ruminant health
Lyte, M., Villageliú, D. N., Crooker, B. A., & Brown, D. R. (2018) · Journal of Dairy Science · doi:10.3168/jds.2017-13589 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Effects of feeding unlimited amounts of milk replacer for the first 5 weeks of age on rumen and small intestinal growth and development in dairy calves
Schäff, C. T., Gruse, J., Maciej, J., Pfuhl, R., Zitnan, R., Rajský, M., & Hammon, H. M. (2017) · Journal of Dairy Science · doi:10.3168/jds.2017-13247 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Prevalence and predictors of bacteremia in dairy calves with diarrhea
Garcia, J. D., Pempek, J. A., Hengy, M., Hinds, A., Diaz-Campos, D. V., & Habing, G. G. (2021) · Journal of Dairy Science · doi:10.3168/jds.2020-19819 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
“Meale et al. (2017) evaluated published research on how calf GIT develops physically and physiologically from pre-to postweaning.”
Background
Effect of individual SCFA on the epithelial barrier of sheep rumen under physiological and acidotic luminal pH conditions
Greco, G., Hagen, F., Meißner, S., Shen, Z., Lu, Z., Amasheh, S., & Aschenbach, J. R. (2018) · Journal of Animal Science · doi:10.1093/jas/skx017 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
“Short chain fatty acids are considered the main trigger for overall ruminal epithelial development (Meale et al., 2017) with butyrate being likely a key player (Niwiñska et al., 2017).”
Background
The functional development of the rumen is influenced by weaning and associated with ruminal microbiota in lambs
Li, C., Zhang, Q., Wang, G., Niu, X., Wang, W., Li, F., Li, F., & Zhang, Z. (2020) · Animal Biotechnology · doi:10.1080/10495398.2020.1812618 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
“reported that the consumption of solid feeds prior to weaning could lessen the impact of weaning on microbial community structure,(23) and weaning later facilitates a more gradual shift in microbiota.(24) The most sensitive window of time for interventions in early life is still not clear.”
Background
Effects of a blend of essential oils in milk replacer on performance, rumen fermentation, blood parameters, and health scores of dairy heifers
Campolina, J. P., Coelho, S. G., Belli, A. L., Machado, F. S., Pereira, L. G. R., Tomich, T. R., Carvalho, W. A., Silva, R. O. S., Voorsluys, A. L., Jacob, D. V., et al. (2021) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0231068 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
“Another hypothesis could be a potential communication from the intestines and the forestomach were the nutrients on the lower gut caused adaptations on the upper gut, improving its function and growth, as well as nutrient use and differences in VFA proportions [53].”
Background
Research progress on the association between mastitis and gastrointestinal microbes in dairy cows and the effect of probiotics
Luo, S., Wang, Y., Kang, X., Liu, P., & Wang, G. (2022) · Microbial Pathogenesis · doi:10.1016/j.micpath.2022.105809 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Age- and Microbiota-Dependent Cell Stemness Plasticity Revealed by Cattle Cell Landscape
Wu, J., Zhu, S., Tang, Y., Gu, F., Valencak, T. G., Liu, J., & Sun, H. (2023) · Research · doi:10.34133/research.0025 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
“In the time of the early life stage of calves, the GIT is con tinually communicating with other organs, such as liver [18].”
Background
Preweaning nutrient supply alters serum metabolomics profiles related to protein and energy metabolism and hepatic function in Holstein heifer calves
Leal, L. N., Doelman, J., Keppler, B. R., Steele, M. A., & Martín‐Tereso, J. (2021) · Journal of Dairy Science · doi:10.3168/jds.2020-19867 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Microbial colonization of the gastrointestinal tract of dairy calves – a review of its importance and relationship to health and performance
Júnior, G. F. V., & Bittar, C. M. M. (2021) · Animal Health Research Reviews · doi:10.1017/s1466252321000062 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Autochthonous Limosilactobacillus reuteri BFE7 and Ligilactobacillus salivarius BF17 probiotics consortium supplementation improves performance, immunity, and selected gut health indices in Murrah buffalo calves
Varada, V. V., Tyagi, A. K., Banakar, P. S., Das, A., Tyagi, N., Mallappa, R. H., & Kumar, S. (2022) · Veterinary Research Communications · doi:10.1007/s11259-022-09896-6 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
“Calves experience a physiological transition from pseudo-monogastric animals to ruminants, and microbial stabilization occurs with age as the animal matures (Amin et al. 2021; Meale et al. 2017).”
Background
Low Concentration of Antibiotics Modulates Gut Microbiota at Different Levels in Pre-Weaning Dairy Calves
Yousif, M. H., Li, J., Li, Z., Alugongo, G. M., Ji, S., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Li, S., & Cao, Z. (2018) · Microorganisms · doi:10.3390/microorganisms6040118 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria in Wildlife
Dolejská, M. (2020) · The handbook of environmental chemistry · doi:10.1007/698_2020_467 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Replacing concentrates with a high-quality hay in the starter feed of dairy calves: II. Effects on the development of chewing and gut fermentation, and selected systemic health variables
Poier, G., Terler, G., Klevenhusen, F., Sharma, S., & Zebeli, Q. (2022) · Journal of Dairy Science · doi:10.3168/jds.2021-21346 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Comprehensive Transcriptional Profiling of the Gastrointestinal Tract of Ruminants from Birth to Adulthood Reveals Strong Developmental Stage Specific Gene Expression
Bush, S. J., McCulloch, M. E. B., Muriuki, C., Salavati, M., Davis, G. M., Farquhar, I., Lisowski, Z. M., Archibald, A. L., Hume, D. A., & Clark, E. L. (2018) · G3 Genes Genomes Genetics · doi:10.1534/g3.118.200810 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
“These processes are likely to be intrinsically linked, as the GI tract protects the host from toxic or pathogenic luminal contents, while at the same time as supporting the absorption and metabolism of nutrients for growth and development (reviewed in (Steele et al. 2016; Meale et al. 2017)).”
Background
Probiotic Lactobacilli Administration Induces Changes in the Fecal Microbiota of Preweaned Dairy Calves
Fernández-Ciganda, S., Fraga, M., & Zunino, P. (2021) · Probiotics and Antimicrobial Proteins · doi:10.1007/s12602-021-09834-z · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Effects of fat inclusion in starter feeds for dairy calves by mixing increasing levels of a high-fat extruded pellet with a conventional highly fermentable pellet
Berends, H., Vidal, M., Terré, M., Leal, L. N., Martín‐Tereso, J., & Bach, À. (2018) · Journal of Dairy Science · doi:10.3168/jds.2018-15116 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Effect of oat hay provision method on growth performance, rumen fermentation and blood metabolites of dairy calves during preweaning and postweaning periods
Gasiorek, M., Stefańska, B., Pruszyńska‐Oszmałek, E., Taciak, M., Komisarek, J., & Nowak, W. (2020) · animal · doi:10.1017/s1751731120000774 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Fecal Carriage and Whole-Genome Sequencing-Assisted Characterization of CMY-2 Beta-Lactamase-Producing Escherichia coli in Calves at Czech Dairy Cow Farm
Manga, I., Hasman, H., Šmídková, J., Medvecký, M., Dolejská, M., & Čížek, A. (2019) · Foodborne Pathogens and Disease · doi:10.1089/fpd.2018.2531 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Multi-Omic Biogeography of the Gastrointestinal Microbiota of a Pre-Weaned Lamb
Palomba, A., Tanca, A., Fraumene, C., Abbondio, M., Fancello, F., Atzori, A. S., & Uzzau, S. (2017) · Proteomes · doi:10.3390/proteomes5040036 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
“In the postnatal life, from birth to weaning, the lamb is defined as a functional monogastric, since the rumen is not developed and most of the nutrients are derived from enzymatic processes occurring into the gastric stomach and intestine [1,2].”
Background
Fecal microbiota changes associated with dehorning and castration stress primarily affects light-weight dairy calves
Mir, R. A., Kleinhenz, M. D., Coetzee, J. F., Allen, H. K., & Kudva, I. T. (2019) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0210203 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Strategies for Feeding Unweaned Dairy Beef Cattle to Improve Their Health
Devant, M., & Martí, S. (2020) · Animals · doi:10.3390/ani10101908 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
“We know that during the weaning period, large physiological changes in the digestive tract gut take place, mainly as solid intake takes place the rumen starts to develop, but there are also microbiological and molecular changes in the lower gut [44], and in the enzymatic specific activities like pancreatic enzymes [10…”
Background
Developmental changes of nutrient digestion in young lambs are influenced by weaning and associated with intestinal microbiota
Li, C., Wang, G., Zhang, Q. Y., Huang, Y., Li, F., & Wang, W. (2022) · Animal Biotechnology · doi:10.1080/10495398.2022.2025817 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
“This is congruent with the process of microbial colonization observed in the intestinal digestion of ruminants.(45,48) However, in this study, weaning did not affect the overall microbiota in the lambs.”
Result
Dietary supplementation of free or two fat-coated sodium butyrate with varying release times on gastrointestinal development and tight junctions in preweaning Holstein calves
Wu, D., Meng, Q. S., Wang, Y. D., Wang, M. Y., Xu, E. H., Xiao, L., & Xu, M. (2022) · Animal Feed Science and Technology · doi:10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2022.115224 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Effects of milk replacer meal size on feed intake, growth performance, and blood metabolites and hormones of calves fed milk replacer with or without butyrate ad libitum: A cluster-analytic approach
Ghaffari, M. H., Hammon, H. M., Frieten, D., Gerbert, C., Dusel, G., & Koch, C. (2021) · Journal of Dairy Science · doi:10.3168/jds.2020-18626 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Fresh Rumen Liquid Inoculant Enhances the Rumen Microbial Community Establishment in Pre-weaned Dairy Calves
Huuki, H., Ahvenjärvi, S. A., Lidauer, P., Popova, M., Vilkki, J., Vanhatalo, A., & Tapio, I. (2022) · Frontiers in Microbiology · doi:10.3389/fmicb.2021.758395 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
“…and metabolical changes, induced by the ontogenic regulation, nutrition, and establishment of rumen microorganisms, for the rumen to become fully functional to provide for most of the animal’s energy needs (Baldwin et al., 2004; Khan et al., 2016; Meale et al., 2017; Malmuthuge et al., 2019).”
Background
Early Introduction of Plant Polysaccharides Drives the Establishment of Rabbit Gut Bacterial Ecosystems and the Acquisition of Microbial Functions
Paës, C., Gidenne, T. N., Bébin, K., Duperray, J., Gohier, C., Guené-Grand, E., Rebours, G., Barilly, C., Gabinaud, B., Cauquil, L., et al. (2022) · mSystems · doi:10.1128/msystems.00243-22 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
“ies (15, 34, 35, 36) indicating the potential for an earlier introduction of solid feed to reduce”
Background
Ruminal-buccal microbiota transmission and their diagnostic roles in subacute rumen acidosis in dairy goats
Liu, T., Xu, J., Chen, X., Ren, J., He, J., Wang, Y., Cao, Y., Guan, L. L., Yao, J., & Wu, S. (2025) · Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology/Journal of animal science and biotechnology · doi:10.1186/s40104-025-01162-4 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
“In Ruminants, the rumination is a behavior that ruminal substances regurgitation back into the mouth [23], suggesting that the rumen microbiota may play a role in affecting oral (including the teeth and buccal cavity) microbiota or vice versa [24].”
Integrated analyses of the microbiological, immunological and ontological transitions in the calf ileum during early life
Lyons, T., Jahns, H., Brady, J., O’Hara, E., Waters, S. M., Kenny, D. A., Doyle, E. M., & Meade, K. G. (2020) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-020-77907-0 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Different methods of eubiotic feed additive provision affect the health, performance, fermentation, and metabolic status of dairy calves during the preweaning period
Stefańska, B., Katzer, F., Golińska, B., Sobolewska, P., Smulski, S., Frankiewicz, A., & Nowak, W. (2022) · BMC Veterinary Research · doi:10.1186/s12917-022-03239-y · Cited by 15 · see citing works
“The start of ruminal fermentation can be detected at a very young age, and SCFA can be found in the calves’ rumen as early as the second week of life [40].”
BackgroundMethod
Grape Seed Extract as a Feed Additive Improves the Growth Performance, Ruminal Fermentation and Immunity of Weaned Beef Calves
Ma, J., Fan, X., Zhang, W., Zhou, G., Yin, F., Zhao, Z., & Gan, S. (2023) · Animals · doi:10.3390/ani13111876 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Temporal changes in muscle characteristics during growth in the goat
Zhang, X., Wu, J., Zhou, C., Wang, M., Tan, Z., & Jiao, J. (2023) · Meat Science · doi:10.1016/j.meatsci.2023.109145 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Beginning to offer drinking water at birth increases the species richness and the abundance of Faecalibacterium and Bifidobacterium in the gut of preweaned dairy calves
Wickramasinghe, J. P., Anast, J. M., Schmitz‐Esser, S., Serão, N. V. L., & Appuhamy, J. A. D. R. N. (2020) · Journal of Dairy Science · doi:10.3168/jds.2019-17258 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Effect of a milk byproduct–based calf starter feed on dairy calf nutrient consumption, rumen development, and performance when fed different milk levels
Parsons, S. D., Steele, M. A., Leslie, K. E., Renaud, D. L., Reedman, C. N., Winder, C. B., & DeVries, T. J. (2021) · Journal of Dairy Science · doi:10.3168/jds.2021-21018 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
“Preweaning calf digestive tracts are equipped for efficiently digesting milk as a primary source of energy (Meale et al., 2017).”
Background
Effects of yeast cell wall on the growth performance, ruminal fermentation, and microbial community of weaned calves
Ma, J., Shah, A. M., Shao, Y., Wang, Z., Zou, H., Hu, R., Peng, Q., Kang, K., & Wanapat, M. (2020) · Livestock Science · doi:10.1016/j.livsci.2020.104170 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Effects of a farm-specific fecal microbial transplant (FMT) product on clinical outcomes and fecal microbiome composition in preweaned dairy calves
Slanzon, G. S., Ridenhour, B. J., Parrish, L. M., Trombetta, S. C., Moore, D. A., Sischo, W. M., & McConnel, C. S. (2022) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0276638 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Effects of rearing mode on gastro-intestinal microbiota and development, immunocompetence, sanitary status and growth performance of lambs from birth to two months of age
Dunière, L., Ruiz, P., Lebbaoui, Y., Guillot, L., Bernard, M., Forano, É., & Chaucheyras‐Durand, F. (2023) · Animal Microbiome · doi:10.1186/s42523-023-00255-7 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Developmental adaptations of γδ T cells and B cells in blood and intestinal mucosa from birth until weaning in Holstein bull calves
Cangiano, L. R., Lamers, K., Olmeda, M. F., Villot, C., Hodgins, D. C., Mallard, B. A., & Steele, M. A. (2023) · Journal of Dairy Science · doi:10.3168/jds.2023-23943 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
“When microbial diversity is affected in response to a challenge, the stimulatory signals that promote gut barrier function can be compromised (Malmuthuge et al., 2017; Meale et al., 2017) leading to increased intestinal permeability, inflammation, and tissue damage (Cangiano et al., 2022).”
Background
Intake of compound probiotics accelerates the construction of immune function and gut microbiome in Holstein calves
Cai, X., Yi, P., Chen, X., Wu, J., Lan, G., Li, S., Luo, S., Huang, F., Huang, J., & Shen, P. (2024) · Microbiology Spectrum · doi:10.1128/spectrum.01909-23 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Effects of Sodium Butyrate Supplementation in Milk on the Growth Performance and Intestinal Microbiota of Preweaning Holstein Calves
Wu, D., Zhang, Z., Shao, K., Wang, X., Huang, F., Qi, J., Duan, Y., Jia, Y., & Xu, M. (2023) · Animals · doi:10.3390/ani13132069 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
“Improved growth is related to a better health status in preweaning calves and thus to dairy farm interests and weaning success [1,2].”
Background
Exploring colostrum microbiota and its influence on early calf gut microbiota development using full-length 16S rRNA gene metabarcoding
Urrutia‐Angulo, L., Ocejo, M., Yergaliyev, T., Oporto, B., Adúriz, G., Camarinha‐Silva, A., & Hurtado, A. (2025) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-025-20111-9 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Short communication: Diagnostic accuracy of the Petrifilm culture system for identifying colostrum with excessive bacterial contamination in Quebec dairy herds
Morin, M. P., Dubuc, J., Freycon, P., & Buczinski, S. (2020) · Journal of Dairy Science · doi:10.3168/jds.2020-19474 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
“…(Mensík et al., 1978) was built to identify the Petrifilm system thresholds (one for AC and one for CC) with the optimal combination of Se and Sp (i.e., maximum sum of Se + Sp) and to determine the discrimination ability of the test by calculating the area under the curve (Meale et al., 2017).”
Milk replacer feeding once or twice a day did not change the ruminal metabolomic profile and the microbial diversity of dairy calves from birth to weaning
Zened, A., Julien, C., Cauquil, L., Pascal, G., Canlet, C., Tremblay‐Franco, M., Haimoud-Lekhal, D. A., Enjalbert, F., Bayourthe, C., & Combes, S. (2024) · Journal of Dairy Science · doi:10.3168/jds.2023-24327 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
“Many authors have already reported the similar observations with several functional bacteria in the rumen, including cellulolytic and sulfate-reducing bacteria, during the first week of life (Wu et al., 2012; Rey et al., 2014; Malmuth-uge et al., 2014; Castro et al., 2016; Meale et al., 2017).”
Background
The early life immune dynamics and cellular drivers at single-cell resolution in lamb forestomachs and abomasum
Huang, K., Yang, B., Xu, Z., Chen, H., & Wang, J. (2023) · Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology/Journal of animal science and biotechnology · doi:10.1186/s40104-023-00933-1 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
“Young ruminants with developing four stomachs and a large influx of microbiota and their metabolites are highly susceptible to enteropathogenic diseases [9, 10].”
Background
Colonization and establishment of the rumen microbiota – opportunities to influence productivity and methane emissions
INRAE, F., Morgavi, D. P., Popova, M., INRAE, F., Yáñez-Ruíz, D. R., CSIC, S., Forano, É., & INRAE, F. (2020) · Burleigh Dodds series in agricultural science · doi:10.19103/as.2020.0067.02 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
“Colonisation: from birth (preruminant) to a fully functional rumen Recent reviews describe the microbial community successions that occur in the rumen from birth to weaning and after, when animals feed exclusively on solid feeds (Malmuthuge et al., 2015, YanezRuiz et al., 2015, Meale et al., 2017a).”
BackgroundInfluential
Effect of source and journey on physiological variables in calves transported by road and ferry between Ireland and the Netherlands
van Dijk, L. L., Siegmann, S., Field, N. L., Sugrue, K., van Reenen, C. G., Bokkers, E. A. M., Sayers, G., & Conneely, M. (2023) · Frontiers in Veterinary Science · doi:10.3389/fvets.2023.1238734 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Potential benefits of a blend of essential oils on metabolism, digestibility, organ development and gene expression of dairy calves
Campolina, J. P., Coelho, S. G., Belli, A. L., Neves, L. F. M., Machado, F. S., Pereira, L. G. R., Tomich, T. R., Carvalho, W. A., Daibert, R. M. D. P., Faza, D. R. D. L. R., et al. (2023) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-023-30088-y · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Effect of pelleted vs. ground starter with or without hay on preweaned dairy calves
Leão, A. E., Coelho, S. G., de Azevedo, R. A., Campos, M. M., Machado, F. S., Laguna, J. G., Ferreira, A. L., Pereira, L. G. R., Tomich, T. R., Costa, S. F., et al. (2020) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0234610 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
“The analysis of gene expression occurred at 65 d of age, and some studies showed that calves were not producing ketones at a rate, similar to that of a mature ruminant until 60 d of age, which is only at 40% of the ketogenic rate of a mature ruminant at 30 d of age [49].”
Specific pathway abundances in the neonatal calf faecal microbiome are associated with susceptibility to Cryptosporidium parvum infection: a metagenomic analysis
Hares, M. F., Griffiths, B. E., Johnson, F., Nelson, C., Haldenby, S. T., Stewart, C. J., Duncan, J. S., Oikonomou, G., & Coombes, J. L. (2023) · Animal Microbiome · doi:10.1186/s42523-023-00265-5 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Transcriptional Reprogramming in Rumen Epithelium during the Developmental Transition of Pre-Ruminant to the Ruminant in Cattle
Baldwin, R. L., Liu, M., Connor, E. E., Ramsay, T. G., Liu, G. E., & Li, C. (2021) · Animals · doi:10.3390/ani11102870 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Effects of mixing a high-fat extruded pellet with a dairy calf starter on performance, feed intake, and digestibility
Amado, L., Leal, L. N., van Laar, H., Berends, H., Gerrits, W. J. J., & Martín‐Tereso, J. (2022) · Journal of Dairy Science · doi:10.3168/jds.2022-22065 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
“Weaning is stressful for calves due to factors such as rapid microbial changes and gastrointestinal structural adaptations (Meale et al., 2017); therefore, the method of weaning can influence calf performance and gastrointestinal development.”
Background
Milk plane of nutrition and alfalfa hay provision in neonatal Holstein calves: growth performance, ruminal fermentation characteristics, and blood biochemical attributes
Bahmanpour, A. S., Fatahnia, F., Mirzaei, M., Taasoli, G., Alamouti, H. M., & Jafari, H. R. (2023) · Animal Feed Science and Technology · doi:10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2023.115636 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Polymer‑specific hazard profiling and risk indexing of microplastics in coastal sediments of St. Martin’s Island: A multivariate and machine learning approach
Tajwar, M., Muntaha, S., Ashraf, A., Islam, M. S., & Saha, S. K. (2026) · Journal of Hazardous Materials Advances · doi:10.1016/j.hazadv.2026.101017 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Interactions of starter starch and sodium butyrate for preweaned dairy calves: Growth performance, rumen development, and microbiota
Wu, D., Zhang, Z., Wang, Q., Shao, K., Wang, D., Wang, X., Qi, J., Jia, Y., & Xu, M. (2023) · Animal Feed Science and Technology · doi:10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2023.115780 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Dynamic changes in intestinal microbiota and metabolite composition of pre-weaned beef calves
Liu, H., Yan, C., Hao, C., Wang, D., Liu, Y., Luo, Z., Han, S., Wang, J., Li, D., Zhu, J., et al. (2023) · Microbial Pathogenesis · doi:10.1016/j.micpath.2023.105991 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Colostrum insulin supplementation to neonatal Holstein bulls affects small intestinal histomorphology, mRNA expression, and enzymatic activity with minor influences on peripheral metabolism
Hare, K. S., Wood, K. M., Mustapha, Y., Swanson, K. C., & Steele, M. A. (2023) · Journal of Dairy Science · doi:10.3168/jds.2022-22965 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
“is relatively underdeveloped in preweaning ruminants (Meale et al., 2017).”
The involvement of translationally controlled tumor protein during lamb rumen epithelium development
Zheng, K., Wu, J., Guo, L., Ying, Y., Li, P., Cao, Y., Jiang, J., Huang, X. H., Meng, C., & Jiang, Y. (2021) · Acta Histochemica · doi:10.1016/j.acthis.2021.151737 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Effect of partial exchange of lactose with fat in milk replacer on performance and blood metabolites of Holstein calves
Echeverry-Munera, J., Amado, L., Berends, H., Leal, L. N., Steele, M. A., & Martín‐Tereso, J. (2022) · JDS Communications · doi:10.3168/jdsc.2022-0231 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
“JDS Communications 2023; 4: 19–24 and suggests that solid feed intake in the presence of enhanced WM or MR is potentially regulated by the rate of rumen development (Meale et al., 2017).”
Background
Detección de serovares de Salmonella en terneros de crianza artificial de la región lechera Mar y Sierras, Argentina
Bilbao, G., Malena, R. C., Passucci, J. A., Castro, A. M. P. D. A., Paolicchi, F. A., Soto, P., Cantón, J., & Monteavaro, C. E. (2019) · Revista Argentina de Microbiología · doi:10.1016/j.ram.2018.09.003 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
The Effects of a Blend of Essential Oils in the Milk of Suckling Calves on Performance, Immune and Antioxidant Systems, and Intestinal Microbiota
Nora, L., Marcon, C., Deolindo, G. L., Signor, M. H., Muniz, A. L. D. S., Bajay, M. M., Copetti, P. M., Bissacotti, B. F., Morsch, V. M., & da Silva, A. S. (2024) · Animals · doi:10.3390/ani14243555 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Impact of dairy calf management practices on the intestinal tract microbiome pre-weaning
Carroll, A., Bell, M., Bleach, E. C. L., Turner, D., & Williams, L. (2025) · Journal of Medical Microbiology · doi:10.1099/jmm.0.001957 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Effects of feed additives in the diet of male dairy beef calves on physiological status and rumen microbial fermentation pre- and postweaning
Romera-Recio, E., Ramos‐Morales, E., Belanche, A., Hassan, M., Romero, P., Gómez, A., Rivelli, I., Llanes, N., Torra, J., & Yáñez-Ruiz, D. (2025) · Animal Feed Science and Technology · doi:10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2025.116243 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Effect of the composition of starter diet fed in the rearing phase on the performance and certain physiological parameters of Holstein calves
Tóth, S., Kovács, M., Bóta, B., Szabó‐Fodor, J., Bakos, G., & Fébel, H. (2019) · Czech Journal of Animal Science · doi:10.17221/34/2019-cjas · Cited by 5 · see citing works
“Meale et al. (2017) described the period from birth to weaning like the biggest challenges for gastrointestinal tract (GIT) development.”
Background
Maternal Roughage Sources Influence the Gastrointestinal Development of Goat Kids by Modulating the Colonization of Gastrointestinal Microbiota
Du, H., Li, K., Guo, W., Na, M., Zhang, J., & Na, R. (2025) · Animals · doi:10.3390/ani15030393 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Technical note: Establishment of an ileal cannulation technique in preweaning calves and use of a piecewise regression approach to evaluate effects on growth and pH fluctuation of ileal digesta
Ansia, I., Stein, H.-H. H., Murphy, M. R., & Drackley, J. K. (2019) · Journal of Dairy Science · doi:10.3168/jds.2019-16788 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
"On Pre-Weaning Calf Weight Gain Differences: Opportunities to Improve Herd Productivity, Health and Longevity"
Nikkhah, A. (2022) · Biomedical Journal of Scientific & Technical Research · doi:10.26717/bjstr.2022.42.006717 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Proteome changes of dairy calves rumen epithelium from birth to postweaning
Zheng, K., Wu, J., Ullah, S., Cao, Y., Jiang, Y., Huang, X. H., & Jiang, J. (2023) · Frontiers in Genetics · doi:10.3389/fgene.2022.1071873 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
“Frommonogastric animal to a ruminant, the dairy calves undergoes a series of dramatic gastrointestinal transformations after birth, which changes from a milk-based to a solid-based diet (Steele et al., 2016; Meale et al., 2017).”
Background
Temporal progression of anaerobic fungal communities in dairy calves from birth to maturity
Jones, A., Clayborn, J., Pribil, E., Foote, A. P., Montogomery, D., Elshahed, M. S., & Youssef, N. H. (2023) · Environmental Microbiology · doi:10.1111/1462-2920.16443 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
The impact of probiotics in the nutrition of calves on live weight gain and on health status
Zábranský, Ľ., POLÍVKOVÁ, D., ŠEBKOVÁ, A., Brabenec, V., Šoch, M., Kernerová, N., Malá, G., Novák, P., Gálik, B., Hanušovský, O., et al. (2023) · Journal of Central European Agriculture · doi:10.5513/jcea01/24.4.4124 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
“Despite these predispositions, the GIT of a calf disposes of a certain degree of flexibility and is able to react to the supply of nutrients and the bioactive component (Meale et al., 2017; Godden et al., 2019).”
Background
Resveratrol ameliorates early-weaning stressed calves via alterations in gut microbiome and metabolome
Ma, X., Wang, D., Kuang, Y. K., Nan, S., Niu, Y., Wu, Y., & Zhang, W. (2025) · Journal of Dairy Science · doi:10.3168/jds.2025-27101 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Interactions of starter starch and sodium butyrate for postweaned dairy calves: Growth performance, blood indices, and inflammation
Wu, D., Wu, C., Shao, K., Zhang, Z., Wang, D., Qi, J., Jia, Y., & Xu, M. (2024) · Animal Feed Science and Technology · doi:10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2024.115898 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Impacts of Various Nutraceutical Milk Replacer Supplements on the Health and Performance of High-Risk Holstein Calves
Davis, E. M., Liang, Y., Batchelder, T., Sellers, M. D., & Ballou, M. (2022) · Frontiers in Animal Science · doi:10.3389/fanim.2022.872786 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
“…agreement with data frommultiple studies that supplemented similar probiotic bacterial species, specifically Lactobacillus casei and Enterococcus faecium, to young calves and observed increased ADG and BW (Abu-Tarboush et al., 1996; Mokhber-Dezfouli et al., 2007; Jatkauskas and Vrotniakiene, 2010).”
BackgroundResult
Evaluating Ruminal and Small Intestinal Morphology and Microbiota Composition of Calves Fed a Macleaya cordata Extract Preparation
Wickramasinghe, J. P., Anderson, C. J., Kaya, C. A., Gorden, P. J., Ribeiro, F. R. B., Dohms, J., Rigert, S., Schmitz‐Esser, S., & Appuhamy, R. (2022) · Animals · doi:10.3390/ani13010054 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
“This discrepancy corroborates the notion that diet change at weaning is a predominant factor shaping the gut microbiota composition of calves [34,37].”
Background
Transcriptome-Based Evaluation of Optimal Reference Genes for Quantitative Real-Time PCR in Yak Stomach throughout the Growth Cycle
Min, Q., Lu, Y., Wang, Y., Liu, Y., & Jiang, M. (2023) · Animals · doi:10.3390/ani13050925 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
“For newborn ruminants, the rumen was not fully developed and ingested colostrum is instead digested in the abomasum [8].”
Background
Microbial colonization dynamics of the postnatal digestive tract of Bos indicus calves
Robles‐Rodríguez, C., Muley, V. Y., González‐Dávalos, L., Shimada, A. S., Varela‐Echavarría, A., & Mora, O. (2023) · Animal Science Journal · doi:10.1111/asj.13872 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Characterization of the preweaned Holstein calf fecal microbiota prior to, during, and following resolution of uncomplicated gastrointestinal disease
Claus-Walker, R. A., Slanzon, G. S., Elder, L. A., Hinnant, H. R., Mandella, C. M., Parrish, L. M., Trombetta, S. C., & McConnel, C. S. (2024) · Frontiers in Microbiology · doi:10.3389/fmicb.2024.1388489 · Cited by 3 · see citing works

1033 From pre- to post-weaning: the adaptations of the gastrointestinal tract of the young calf
Steele, M. A., Meale, S. J., Wood, K. M., & Penner, G. B. (2016) · Journal of Animal Science · doi:10.2527/jam2016-1033
Development of Ruminal and Fecal Microbiomes Are Affected by Weaning But Not Weaning Strategy in Dairy Calves
Meale, S. J., Li, S., Azevedo, P. A., Derakhshani, H., Plaizier, J. C., Khafipour, E., & Steele, M. A. (2016) · Frontiers in Microbiology · doi:10.3389/fmicb.2016.00582 · Cited by 197 · see citing works
Weaning age influences the severity of gastrointestinal microbiome shifts in dairy calves
Meale, S. J., Li, S. C., Azevedo, P., Derakhshani, H., DeVries, T. J., Plaizier, J. C., Steele, M. A., & Khafipour, E. (2017) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-017-00223-7 · Cited by 133 · see citing works
0049 The influence of age and weaning on the structure of the gastrointestinal epithelium in Holstein bull calves
Pletts, S. (2016) · Journal of Animal Science · doi:10.2527/jam2016-0049
1614 Does weaning age affect the development of ruminal and fecal microbiomes in dairy calves?
Meale, S. J., Li, S., Azevedo, P. A., Derakhshani, H., Plaizier, J. C., Steele, M. A., & Khafipour, E. (2016) · Journal of Animal Science · doi:10.2527/jam2016-1614 · Cited by 2 · see citing works

Authors: Meale, S. J., Chaucheyras-Durand, F., Berends, H., Guan, L. L., & Steele, M. A.
Affiliations: Unité Mixte de Recherche sur les Herbivores (FR)
Trouw Nutrition (Brazil) (BR)
University of Alberta (CA)
Corresponding author: Steele, Michael A.
ORCID: Meale, Sarah J.
Berends, Harma
Guan, Le Luo
Steele, Michael A.
Venue: Journal of Dairy Science
Publisher: American Dairy Science Association
Published: 2017-07
Volume: 100
Issue: 7
Pages: 5984-5995
ISSN: 0022-0302 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.3168/jds.2016-12474
OpenAlex: W2616070946
Cited by: 163
References: 88
Citations by year: 2026: 17 · 2025: 17 · 2024: 15 · 2023: 31 · 2022: 23 · 2021: 19 · 2020: 14 · 2019: 12 · 2018: 13 · 2017: 2
FWCI: 19.50
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: bronze
doi.org
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
www.elsevier.com/open-access/userlicense/1.0/ (vor, 564 d)
Locations: Journal of Dairy Science (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
HAL (submittedVersion)
Funders: University of Alberta
Topics: Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Agronomy and Crop Science › Ruminant Nutrition and Digestive Physiology
Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Animal Science and Zoology › Animal Nutrition and Physiology
Health Sciences › Veterinary › Small Animals › Animal health and immunology
Keywords: gastrointestinal tract development, weaning transition, ruminal papillae, rumen microbiota, intestinal permeability, forestomach, functional feed ingredients, gut microbiota, gene expression
MeSH terms: Animals, Animal Feed, Animals, Newborn, Cattle, Diet, Rumen, Weaning, Gastrointestinal Tract

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From pre- to postweaning: transformation of the young calf's gastrointestinal tract

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