Feeding essential oils to neonatal holstein dairy calves results in increased ruminal prevotellaceae abundance and propionate concentrations
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Since antibiotic use in animal production has become a public health concern, great efforts are being dedicated to find effective and viable alternatives. While essential oils (EO) have become attractive candidates for use in the livestock industry, their mode of action and microbial targets in food animals remain largely uncharacterized. To gain further insight, we investigated the rumen environment of neonatal calves fed calf starter pellets and milk replacer supplemented with a commercial blend of EO. Propionate concentrations were not only found to be higher in EO-fed calves compared to controls (P < 0.05), but ruminal bacterial communities also differed greatly. For instance, the abundance of Firmicutes was significantly lower in samples from EO-fed calves than in controls, which appeared to be mostly due to lower Lachnospiraceae levels (P < 0.05). In contrast, Bacteriodetes were more abundant in EO-fed calves compared to controls, which was primarily the result of higher Prevotellaceae (P < 0.05). Notably, two bacterial operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were significantly more abundant in EO-fed calves; SD_Bt-00966 was found to be a close relative of Prevotella ruminicola (97%), while SD_Bt-00978 likely corresponded to an uncharacterized species of Gammaproteobacteria. In addition, Pearson correlation and canonical correspondence analyses revealed potential associations between other ruminal bacterial OTUs and either short chain fatty acids (SCFA) parameters or metrics for calf growth. Together, these results support that EO supplementation in growing dairy calves can modulate rumen function through SCFA production and growth of specific rumen bacterial groups.
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A blend of essential oils (carvacrol, caryophyllene, p-cymene, cineole, terpinene, and thymol) altered rumen functions by decreasing Firmicutes while increasing Bacteroidetes in calves.
“A blend of EO (carvacrol, caryophyllene, p-cymene, cineole, terpinene, and thymol) altered the rumen functions by selectively promoting the growth of rumen bacteria (by decreasing Firmicutes while increasing Bacteroidetes) in calves (257).”
From Phytogenic Additives Can Modulate Rumen Microbiome to Mediate Fermentation Kinetics and Methanogenesis Through Exploiting Diet–Microbe Interaction (2020) · cites this paper as [257]
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- Authors
- Poudel, P., Froehlich, K., Casper, D. P., & St-Pierre, B.
- Affiliations
- South Dakota State University (US)
- Lincoln University (NZ)
- Furst-McNess Company, 120 East Clark Street, Freeport, IL 61032, USA
- Department of Animal Science, South Dakota State University, Animal Science Complex, Box 2170, Brookings, South Dakota, SD 57007, USA
- Venue
- Microorganisms
- Publisher
- MDPI AG
- Published
- 2019-05-01
- Volume
- 7
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 120
- ISSN
- 2076-2607 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC6560426
- OpenAlex
- W2943036657
- Cited by
- 58
- References
- 53
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 13 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 1 · 2015: 1
- FWCI
- 10.89
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- dx.doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Microorganisms (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
- Lincoln University Research Archive (Lincoln University) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Funders
- South Dakota State University Agricultural Experiment Station (SD00H392-11)
- USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture (Hatch Project SD00H551-15)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Agronomy and Crop Science › Ruminant Nutrition and Digestive Physiology
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Animal Science and Zoology › Animal Nutrition and Physiology
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Food Science › Essential Oils and Antimicrobial Activity
- Keywords
- essential oils, neonatal dairy calves, rumen microbiota, Prevotellaceae, propionate, short-chain fatty acids, Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Lachnospiraceae, Prevotella ruminicola, Gammaproteobacteria, antibiotic alternatives, calf growth, rumen fermentation
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