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Cited by 201Traumatic Brain Injury ResearchTraumatic Brain Injury and Neurovascular DisturbancesAutomotive and Human Injury Biomechanics

Prediction of cognitive sequelae based on abnormal computed tomography findings in children following mild traumatic brain injury

Levin, Harvey S., Hanten, Gerri, Roberson, Garland, Li, Xiaoqi, Ewing-Cobbs, Linda, Dennis, Maureen, Chapman, Sandra, Max, Jeffrey E. +4 more·2008·Journal of Neurosurgery: Pediatrics
DOI 10.3171/ped/2008/1/6/461
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Abstract

OBJECT: The aim of this study was to determine whether the presence of intracranial pathophysiology on computed tomography (CT) scans obtained within 24 hours of mild traumatic brain injury (MTBI) in children adversely affects neuropsychological outcome during the 1st year postinjury. METHODS: A prospective longitudinal design was used to examine the neuropsychological outcomes in children (ages 5-15 years) who had been treated for MTBI, which was defined as a loss of consciousness for up to 30 minutes and a lowest Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score of 13-15. Exclusion criteria included any preinjury neurological disorder. Outcome assessments were performed within 2 weeks and at 3, 6, and 12 months postinjury. Outcomes were compared between patients with MTBI whose postinjury CT scans revealed complications of brain pathophysiology (32 patients, CMTBI group) and those with MTBI but without complications (48 patients, MTBI group). RESULTS: Significant interactions confirmed that the pattern of recovery over 12 months after injury differed depending on the intracranial pathology, presence and severity of injuries to body regions other than the head, preinjury attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and socioeconomic status. Children in the CMTBI group had significantly poorer episodic memory, slower cognitive processing, diminished recovery in managing cognitive interference, and poorer performance in calculating and reading than patients in the MTBI group. Among the patie…

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  • Aggregating data for complicated mild TBI and moderate TBI is consistent with approaches used in previous research characterizing neurobehavioral recovery after TBI in both children and adults.

    “Aggregating data for complicated mild TBI and moderate TBI is consistent with approaches used in previous research characterizing neurobehavioral recovery after TBI in both children (Keenan et al., 2018, 2019; Levin et al., 2008) and adults (Tulsky et al., 2017).”

    From Evaluating cognitive performance using the National Institutes of Health Toolbox Cognitive Battery in children with traumatic brain injury (2025) · cites this paper as Levin et al., 2008

  • Because of the low number of patients with moderate TBI, children with complicated mild to moderate TBI were combined for analysis (n = 86), consistent with current approaches to analyzing cognitive recovery after TBI in children and adults.

    “Because of the low number of patients with moderate TBI, we combined children with complicated mild to moderate TBI (cmmTBI) for analysis (n = 86), consistent with current approaches to analyzing cognitive recovery after TBI in both children (Keenan et al., 2018; Keenan et al., 2019; Levin et al., 2008) and adults (Tulsky et al., 2017).”

    From Evaluating cognitive performance using the National Institutes of Health Toolbox Cognitive Battery in children with traumatic brain injury (2025) · cites this paper as Levin et al., 2008

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Authors
Levin, H. S., Hanten, G., Roberson, G., Li, X., Ewing-Cobbs, L., Dennis, M., Chapman, S., Max, J. E., Hunter, J., Schachar, R., Luerssen, T. G., & Swank, P.
Affiliations
  • Baylor College of Medicine (US)
  • Departments of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation,
  • Department of Pediatrics, The University of Texas Medical School at Houston;
  • Program in Neurosciences and Mental Health and
  • The University of Texas at Dallas (US)
  • University of California San Diego (US)
  • Texas Children's Hospital (US)
  • Hospital for Sick Children (CA)
  • The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (US)
Corresponding author
Levin, Harvey S.
ORCID
Venue
Journal of Neurosurgery: Pediatrics
Publisher
Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG)
Published
2008-06
Volume
1
Issue
6
Pages
461-470
ISSN
  • 1933-0707 (ISSN-L)
  • 1933-0715
DOI
10.3171/ped/2008/1/6/461
OpenAlex
W1990055699
Cited by
201
References
49
Citations by year
2026: 5 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 14 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 63 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 10 · 2013: 11 · 2012: 8
FWCI
6.70
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • Journal of Neurosurgery Pediatrics (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
  • National Institute of Mental Health (K08MH01800, K08MH001800)
  • National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (R01NS021889)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Traumatic Brain Injury Research
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Neurology › Traumatic Brain Injury and Neurovascular Disturbances
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine › Automotive and Human Injury Biomechanics
Keywords
mild traumatic brain injury, children, intracranial pathology, computed tomography findings, neuropsychological outcomes, cognitive sequelae, working memory, episodic memory, visuomotor speed, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, extracranial injuries, linear skull fracture, cognitive recovery, socioeconomic status
MeSH terms
Adolescent, Brain Injuries, Child, Cognition Disorders, Female, Humans, Male, Neuropsychological Tests, Predictive Value of Tests, Psychomotor Performance, Tomography, X-Ray Computed, Reproducibility of Results, Cohort Studies, Outcome Assessment, Health Care

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