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Cited by 56Decision-Making and Behavioral EconomicsInnovative Teaching and Learning MethodsMemory Processes and Influences

Heuristic Cues for Meta-Reasoning Judgments: Review and Methodology

Open access
Ackerman, Rakefet·2019·Psihologijske teme
DOI 10.31820/pt.28.1.1
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Abstract

Metacognitive research aims to explain how people regulate their effort when performing cognitive tasks, to expose conditions that support reliable monitoring of chance for success, and to provide a basis for developing improvement guidelines. The essence of the domain is that monitoring drives control: people continually self-assess their chance for success before, during, and after performing a cognitive task, and use these judgments to guide their effort-allocation decisions (e.g., whether to reconsider an answer option, change strategy, seek help, or give up). Thus, factors that underlie metacognitive judgments affect the efficiency with which people perform cognitive tasks. This paper focuses on meta-reasoning – the monitoring and control processes that apply to reasoning, problem-solving, and decision-making tasks. So far, relatively little is known about heuristic cues used for inferring meta-reasoning judgments. This paper reviews the known heuristic cues and offers methodological guidelines for a critical reading of existing research and for designing high-quality studies that will advance this important domain.

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  • People often implicitly and unintentionally rely on heuristics to guide their metacognitive monitoring and control.

    “People often implicitly and unintentionally rely on heuristics to guide their metacognitive monitoring and control [3].”

    From The Metacognitive Demands and Opportunities of Generative AI (2024) · cites this paper as [3]

    The Introduction says metacognitive judgments rely on heuristic cues, are assumed to occur spontaneously, and guide control over effort allocation. It does not establish that reliance on the cues is implicit or unintentional; spontaneity of the judgments alone does not settle that part of the claim. No page numbers are available in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.84)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

  • Information that is easily or fluently processed triggers less further cognitive processing relative to information that is more difficult to process.

    “Information that is easily or fluently processed (e.g., in terms of reading) triggers less further cognitive processing relative to information that is more difficult to process [3].”

    From The Metacognitive Demands and Opportunities of Generative AI (2024) · cites this paper as [3]

    In “Level 3: Momentary Experience” (page unavailable), the paper says easy problems can be solved quickly, while challenging problems may require substantial effort. That supports a narrower relationship between task difficulty and effort, but not the claim that fluent information generally triggers less further processing. In “Box 2” (page unavailable), it distinguishes reading-related perceptual fluency from processing fluency and reports that font readability affected neither judgments nor performance. (LLM, conf=0.82)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

  • Processing fluency-the subjective ease with which a cognitive task is performed-can influence people's confidence in information accuracy.

    “One relevant type of cue-'processing fluency',”

    From The Metacognitive Demands and Opportunities of Generative AI (2024) · cites this paper as [3]

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2 of the 73 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.

Research works printed but not linked: 1

  1. Lauterman, T., & Ackerman, R. (in press). Initial judgment of solvability in non-verbal problems -A predictor of solving processes Metacognition and Learning.

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Authors
Ackerman, R.
Affiliations
Technion – Israel Institute of Technology (IL)
Corresponding author
Ackerman, Rakefet
ORCID
Ackerman, Rakefet
Venue
Psihologijske teme
Publisher
Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences University of Rijeka
Published
2019
Volume
28
Issue
1
Pages
1-20
ISSN
  • 1332-0742 (ISSN-L)
  • 1849-0395
DOI
10.31820/pt.28.1.1
OpenAlex
W2945310791
Cited by
56
References
73
Citations by year
2026: 11 · 2025: 14 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 2
FWCI
2.61
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
cc-by-sa
Locations
Psihologijske teme (publishedVersion, cc-by-sa)
Funders
Israel Science Foundation (234/18)
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › General Decision Sciences › Decision-Making and Behavioral Economics
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Innovative Teaching and Learning Methods
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory Processes and Influences
Keywords
meta-reasoning, metacognition, heuristic cues, metacognitive judgments, effort regulation, monitoring and control, reasoning, problem solving, decision-making, methodological recommendations

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