The DOI matches its Crossref record; 18 of the 18 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
A Non-Genetic Basis for Cancer Progression and Metastasis: Self-Organizing Attractors in Cell Regulatory Networks
Abstract
It is commonly assumed that somatic evolution drives the multi-step process that produces metastatic cancer. But it is difficult to reconcile the inexorable progression towards metastasis in virtually all carcinomas and the associated complex change of cancer cell phenotype, characterized by an epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, with the random nature of gene mutations. Given their irreversible nature, it is also difficult to explain why certain metastatic carcinomas can reform normal tissue boundaries and remain dormant for years at distant sites. Here we propose an encompassing conceptual framework based on system-level dynamics of gene regulatory networks that may help reconcile these inconsistencies. The concepts of gene expression state space and attractors are introduced which provide a mathematical and molecular basis for an "epigenetic landscape". We then describe how cancer cells are trapped in "embryonic attractors" because of distortions of this landscape caused by mutational rewiring of the regulatory network. The implications of this concept for a new integrative understanding of tumor formation and metastatic progression are discussed. This formal framework of cancer progression unites mainstream genetic determinism with alternative ideas that emphasize non-genetic influences, including chronic growth stimulation,extracellular matrix remodeling, alteration of cell mechanics and disruption of tissue architecture.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Gene expression profiling predicts clinical outcome of breast cancer
van 't Veer, L. J., Dai, H., van de Vijver, M. J., He, Y. D., Hart, A. A. M., Mao, M., Peterse, H. L., van der Kooy, K., Marton, M. J., Witteveen, A. T., et al. (2002) · Nature · doi:10.1038/415530a · Cited by 9,536
The Origins of Order: Self-Organization and Selection in Evolution
Kauffman, S. A. (1993) · doi:10.1093/oso/9780195079517.001.0001 · Cited by 7,855
Sherr, C. J. (1996) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.274.5293.1672 · Cited by 5,379
The pathogenesis of cancer metastasis: the ‘seed and soil’ hypothesis revisited
Fidler, I. J. (2003) · Nature Reviews Cancer · doi:10.1038/nrc1098 · Cited by 4,686 · cited 1×
“attract new blood vessels to nourish its growth [6].”
BackgroundHow Matrix Metalloproteinases Regulate Cell Behavior
Sternlicht, M. D., & Werb, Z. (2001) · Annual Review of Cell and Developmental Biology · doi:10.1146/annurev.cellbio.17.1.463 · Cited by 3,959
Tumour stem cells and drug resistance
Dean, M., Fojo, T., & Bates, S. (2005) · Nature reviews. Cancer · doi:10.1038/nrc1590 · Cited by 3,668
Induction of angiogenesis during the transition from hyperplasia to neoplasia
Folkman, J., Watson, K., Ingber, D., & Hanahan, D. (1989) · Nature · doi:10.1038/339058a0 · Cited by 1,879
Self-citationMyotubes differentiate optimally on substrates with tissue-like stiffness
Engler, A. J., Griffin, M. A., Sen, S., Bönnemann, C. G., Sweeney, H. L., & Discher, D. E. (2004) · The Journal of Cell Biology · doi:10.1083/jcb.200405004 · Cited by 1,743
The snail superfamily of zinc-finger transcription factors
Nieto, M. A. (2002) · Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology · doi:10.1038/nrm757 · Cited by 1,719
Cellular mechanotransduction: putting all the pieces together again
Ingber, D. E. (2006) · The FASEB Journal · doi:10.1096/fj.05-5424rev · Cited by 1,627
Self-citation
Cited by
Bet Hedging in Yeast by Heterogeneous, Age-Correlated Expression of a Stress Protectant
Levy, S. F., Ziv, N., & Siegal, M. L. (2012) · PLoS Biology · doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.1001325 · Cited by 371
Alvarez-Buylla, E. R., Benítez, M., Corvera-Poiré, A., Chaos Cador, Á., de Folter, S., Gamboa de Buen, A., Garay-Arroyo, A., García-Ponce, B., Jaimes-Miranda, F., Pérez-Ruiz, R. V., et al. (2010) · The Arabidopsis Book · doi:10.1199/tab.0127 · Cited by 298
Correlation signature of the macroscopic states of the gene regulatory network in cancer
Slavov, N., & Dawson, K. A. (2009) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0810803106 · Cited by 49
Ventre, E., Espinasse, T., Bréhier, C.-E., Calvez, V., Lepoutre, T., & Gandrillon, O. (2021) · Journal of Mathematical Biology · doi:10.1007/s00285-021-01684-1 · Cited by 17
Metadata
- Authors
- Huang, S., & Ingber, D. E.
- Venue
- Breast Disease
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2007-04-12
- Volume
- 26
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 27-54
- ISSN
- 0888-6008 (ISSN-L)
- 1558-1551
- OpenAlex
- W2155221318
- Cited by
- 160
- References
- 18
- FWCI
- 4.07
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: A Non-Genetic Basis for Cancer Progression and Metastasis: Self-Organizing Attractors in Cell Regulatory Networks. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.3233/bd-2007-26104
- The paper
- Huang, S., & Ingber, D. E. (2007). A Non-Genetic Basis for Cancer Progression and Metastasis: Self-Organizing Attractors in Cell Regulatory Networks. Breast Disease. https://doi.org/10.3233/bd-2007-26104
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.