Bacterial Infection and Alzheimer's Disease: A Meta-Analysis
Abstract
The possibility of an infectious etiology for Alzheimer's disease (AD) has been repeatedly postulated over the past three decades. We provide the first meta-analysis to address the relationship between bacterial infection and AD. Studies examining the association between AD and spirochetal bacteria or Chlamydophila pneumoniae (Cpn) were identified through a systematic search of the databases MEDLINE, EMBASE, PubMed, and Google Scholar. Data combined from 25 relevant, primarily case-control studies demonstrated a statistically significant association between AD and detectable evidence of infection of either bacterial group. We found over a ten-fold increased occurrence of AD when there is detectable evidence of spirochetal infection (OR: 10.61; 95% CI: 3.38-33.29) and over a four-fold increased occurrence of AD in a conservative risk estimate (OR: 4.45; 95% CI: 2.33-8.52). We found over a five-fold increased occurrence of AD with Cpn infection (OR: 5.66; 95% CI: 1.83-17.51). This study shows a strongly positive association between bacterial infection and AD. Further detailed investigation of the role of bacterial infection is warranted.
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AD progression has been correlated with infection.
“AD progression has been correlated with infection, emphasizing the importance of the pMacs ability to uptake and degrade bacterial particles [42].”
From Alzheimer’s disease-associated protective variant Plcg2-P522R modulates peripheral macrophage function in a sex-dimorphic manner (2024) · cites this paper as [42]
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- Authors
- Maheshwari, P., & Eslick, G. D.
- Affiliations
- The University of Sydney (AU)
- Venue
- Journal of Alzheimer's Disease
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2014-12-02
- Volume
- 43
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 957-966
- ISSN
- 1387-2877 (ISSN-L)
- 1875-8908
- OpenAlex
- W1764906523
- Cited by
- 183
- References
- 45
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 12 · 2024: 21 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 15 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 27 · 2019: 15 · 2018: 14 · 2017: 13 · 2016: 23 · 2015: 9 · 2014: 1
- FWCI
- 10.18
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Alzheimer s Disease (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Alzheimer's disease research and treatments
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms
- Keywords
- Alzheimer's disease, bacterial infection
- MeSH terms
- Alzheimer Disease, Bacterial Infections, Humans
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