Cited by 175Alzheimer's disease research and treatmentsNeuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration MechanismsDementia and Cognitive Impairment Research

The Possibility of an Infectious Etiology of Alzheimer Disease

Ashraf, Ghulam M., Tarasov, Vadim V., Makhmutovа, Alfiya, Chubarev, Vladimir N., Avila-Rodriguez, Marco, Bachurin, Sergey O., Aliev, Gjumrakch·2019·Molecular Neurobiology

Abstract

Over the past three decades, there has been constant postulation regarding the infectious etiology of Alzheimer disease (AD), which in turn suggests the vital role of various infectious agents in AD-associated inflammatory pathways. Recent findings indicate anti-microbial properties of Aβ, and suggest that Aβ production and deposition in AD might be induced by infectious agents. Several types of spirochetes have been associated to dementia, cortical atrophy, and pathological and biological hallmarks of AD. A significant association between AD spirochetes and other pathogens like HSV-1 and Chlamydia pneumonia has now become well established. In neurons infected by HSV-1 showed Aβ and hyperphosphorylated Tau accumulation. The expression of pro-inflammatory molecules have been found to be enhanced by specific bacterial ligands, and viral and bacterial DNA and RNA, thus activating the immune system. Aβ has now been established as anti-microbial peptide capable of inducing pore formation, thus justifying their infection-mediated accumulation. Thus, a proper combination of anti-inflammatory, anti-viral, and antibiotic therapeutics might potentially prevent the progression of AD. Here, we discussed the potential role of bacterial, fungi, and viral infections in AD causation and progression, and the potential-associated therapies to counter the AD condition.

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Crossref · 10.1007/s12035-018-1388-y

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Authors
Ashraf, G. M., Tarasov, V. V., Makhmutovа, A., Chubarev, V. N., Avila-Rodriguez, M., Bachurin, S. O., & Aliev, G.
Affiliations
  • King Abdulaziz University (SA)
  • Sechenov University (RU)
  • Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds (RU)
  • Russian Academy of Sciences (RU)
Corresponding author
Aliev, Gjumrakch
Venue
Molecular Neurobiology
Published
2018-10-18
Volume
56
Issue
6
Pages
4479-4491
ISSN
  • 0893-7648 (ISSN-L)
  • 1559-1182
OpenAlex
W2897264763
Cited by
175
References
158
Citations by year
2026: 10 · 2025: 16 · 2024: 19 · 2023: 42 · 2022: 22 · 2021: 29 · 2020: 24 · 2019: 12
FWCI
2.13
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • Molecular Neurobiology (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Alzheimer's disease research and treatments
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
Keywords
Alzheimer's disease, infectious etiology, amyloid-beta, antimicrobial peptides, spirochetes, herpes simplex virus type 1, Chlamydia pneumoniae, tau hyperphosphorylation, neuroinflammation, bacterial ligands, fungal infection, viral infection, anti-inflammatory therapy, antiviral therapy, antibiotic therapy
MeSH terms
Alzheimer Disease, Animals, Humans, Inflammation, Models, Biological, Nervous System

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