The Possibility of an Infectious Etiology of Alzheimer Disease
Abstract
Over the past three decades, there has been constant postulation regarding the infectious etiology of Alzheimer disease (AD), which in turn suggests the vital role of various infectious agents in AD-associated inflammatory pathways. Recent findings indicate anti-microbial properties of Aβ, and suggest that Aβ production and deposition in AD might be induced by infectious agents. Several types of spirochetes have been associated to dementia, cortical atrophy, and pathological and biological hallmarks of AD. A significant association between AD spirochetes and other pathogens like HSV-1 and Chlamydia pneumonia has now become well established. In neurons infected by HSV-1 showed Aβ and hyperphosphorylated Tau accumulation. The expression of pro-inflammatory molecules have been found to be enhanced by specific bacterial ligands, and viral and bacterial DNA and RNA, thus activating the immune system. Aβ has now been established as anti-microbial peptide capable of inducing pore formation, thus justifying their infection-mediated accumulation. Thus, a proper combination of anti-inflammatory, anti-viral, and antibiotic therapeutics might potentially prevent the progression of AD. Here, we discussed the potential role of bacterial, fungi, and viral infections in AD causation and progression, and the potential-associated therapies to counter the AD condition.
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Persistent untreated infection could be one of the causes of Alzheimer's disease.
“Thus, the persistent untreated infection could be one of the causes of AD [19].”
From Recent Advancements in Pathogenesis, Diagnostics and Treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease (2020) · cites this paper as [19]
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- Authors
- Ashraf, G. M., Tarasov, V. V., Makhmutovа, A., Chubarev, V. N., Avila-Rodriguez, M., Bachurin, S. O., & Aliev, G.
- Affiliations
- King Abdulaziz University (SA)
- Sechenov University (RU)
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds (RU)
- Russian Academy of Sciences (RU)
- Corresponding author
- Aliev, Gjumrakch
- Venue
- Molecular Neurobiology
- Published
- 2018-10-18
- Volume
- 56
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 4479-4491
- ISSN
- 0893-7648 (ISSN-L)
- 1559-1182
- OpenAlex
- W2897264763
- Cited by
- 175
- References
- 158
- Citations by year
- 2026: 10 · 2025: 16 · 2024: 19 · 2023: 42 · 2022: 22 · 2021: 29 · 2020: 24 · 2019: 12
- FWCI
- 2.13
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Molecular Neurobiology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Alzheimer's disease research and treatments
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
- Keywords
- Alzheimer's disease, infectious etiology, amyloid-beta, antimicrobial peptides, spirochetes, herpes simplex virus type 1, Chlamydia pneumoniae, tau hyperphosphorylation, neuroinflammation, bacterial ligands, fungal infection, viral infection, anti-inflammatory therapy, antiviral therapy, antibiotic therapy
- MeSH terms
- Alzheimer Disease, Animals, Humans, Inflammation, Models, Biological, Nervous System
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