Cited by 220Nitric Oxide and Endothelin EffectsAlzheimer's disease research and treatmentsRedox biology and oxidative stress

Nitric oxide and nitroxidative stress in Alzheimer's disease

Malinski, Tadeusz·2007·Journal of Alzheimer s Disease

Abstract

Nitric oxide is a signaling molecule produced by neurons and endothelial cells in the brain. NO is synthesized from L-arginine and oxygen by nitric oxide synthase: neuronal (nNOS), endothelial (eNOS), and inducible (iNOS). The endothelial NO acts as a vasorelaxant in the vasculature and as a neurotransmitter when produced by neurons (under the pathological conditions of Alzheimer's disease). NO can be scavenged in a rapid reaction with superoxide (O2-) to generate peroxynitrite (ONOO-), with a half-life of < 1 s. ONOO- is a potent oxidant and the primary component of nitroxidative stress. At high concentrations (> 100 nM), ONOO- can undergo homolytic or heterolytic cleavage to produce NO2+, NO2, and OH., highly reactive oxidative species and secondary components of nitroxidative stress. The high nitroxidative stress can initiate a cascade of redox reactions which can trigger apoptosis and evoke cytotoxic effects on neurons and endothelial cells. This article reviews the functions of NO and the potential role of NO/O2-/ONOO- induced nitroxidative stress in neuronal and endothelial degeneration observed in Alzheimer's disease.

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Crossref · 10.3233/jad-2007-11208

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Authors
Malinski, T.
Affiliations
Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Ohio University, 350 W. State Street, Athens, OH 45701, USA. Tel.: ; E-mail: malinski@ohio.edu
Venue
Journal of Alzheimer s Disease
Published
2007-05-08
Volume
11
Issue
2
Pages
207-218
ISSN
  • 1387-2877 (ISSN-L)
  • 1875-8908
OpenAlex
W1690235847
Cited by
220
References
86
Citations by year
2026: 5 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 14 · 2022: 17 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 13 · 2019: 13 · 2018: 15 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 9 · 2014: 10 · 2013: 14 · 2012: 10
FWCI
9.35
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • Journal of Alzheimer s Disease (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Nitric Oxide and Endothelin Effects
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Alzheimer's disease research and treatments
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Redox biology and oxidative stress
Keywords
nitric oxide, nitro-oxidative stress
MeSH terms
Alzheimer Disease, Humans, Neurons, Nitric Oxide, Amyloid beta-Peptides, Apoptosis, Reactive Oxygen Species, Oxidative Stress, Dexfenfluramine, Peroxynitrous Acid, Endothelial Cells

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