The Proportion of APOE4 Carriers Among Non-Demented Individuals: A Pooled Analysis of 389,000 Community-Dwellers
Abstract
Background: The apolipoprotein E epsilon 4 (APOE4) is the strongest genetic risk factor for sporadic Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Its carriage percentage in non-demented population varies across geographic regions and ethnic groups. Objective: To estimate the proportion of APOE4 (2/4, 3/4, or 4/4) carriers in non-demented community-dwellers. Methods: PubMed, EMBASE, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure were searched from inception to April 20, 2020. Community-based studies that reported APOE polymorphisms with a sample of≥500 non-demented participants were included. Random-effects models were used to pool the results. Meta-regression and subgroup analyses were performed to test the source of heterogeneity and stratified effects. Age-standardized pooled proportion estimates (ASPPE) were calculated by direct standardization method. Results: A total of 121 studies were included, with a pooled sample of 389,000 community-dwellers from 38 countries. The global average proportion of APOE4 carriers was 23.9% (age-standardized proportion: 26.3%; 2.1% for APOE4/4, 20.6% for APOE3/4 and 2.3% for APOE2/4), and varied significantly with geographical regions (from 19.3% to 30.0%) and ethnic groups (from 19.1% to 37.5%). The proportion was highest in Africa, followed by Europe, North America, Oceania, and lowest in South America and Asia (p < 0.0001). With respect to ethnicity, it was highest in Africans, followed by Caucasians, and was lowest in Hispanics/Latinos and Chinese (p < 0.0001). Conclusion: APOE4 carriers are common in communities, especially in Africans and Caucasians. Developing precision medicine strategies in this specific high-risk population is highly warranted in the future.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The frequency of APOE ε4 genotype is lower in Asian than western population.
“which consists with earlier finding that the frequency of APOE ε4 genotype is lower in Asian than western population39.”
From Integrated algorithm combining plasma biomarkers and cognitive assessments accurately predicts brain β-amyloid pathology (2023) · cites this paper as [39]
Some essential features are discrepant in different populations, for example, the frequency of APOE ε4 carriers and lifestyle.
“However, it is known that some essential features are discrepant in different populations, for example, the frequency of APOE ε4 carriers, lifestyle, etc39,45.”
From Integrated algorithm combining plasma biomarkers and cognitive assessments accurately predicts brain β-amyloid pathology (2023) · cites this paper as [39]
Cites
1 retracted
Dementia prevention, intervention, and care: 2020 report of the Lancet Commission
Livingston, G., Huntley, J., Sommerlad, A., Ames, D., Ballard, C., Banerjee, S., Brayne, C., Burns, A., Cohen-Mansfield, J., Cooper, C., et al. (2020) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(20)30367-6 · Cited by 10,430 · see citing works
RetractedCorder, E. H., Saunders, A. M., Strittmatter, W. J., Schmechel, D. E., Gaskell, P. C., Small, G. W., Roses, A. D., Haines, J. L., & Pericak-Vance, M. A. (1993) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.8346443 · Cited by 9,429 · see citing works
Dementia prevention, intervention, and care
Livingston, G., Sommerlad, A., Orgeta, V., Costafreda, S. G., Huntley, J., Ames, D., Ballard, C., Banerjee, S., Burns, A., Cohen-Mansfield, J., et al. (2017) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(17)31363-6 · Cited by 6,072 · see citing works
Apolipoprotein E and Alzheimer disease: risk, mechanisms and therapy
Liu, C.-C., Kanekiyo, T., Xu, H., & Bu, G. (2013) · Nature Reviews Neurology · doi:10.1038/nrneurol.2012.263 · Cited by 3,459 · see citing works
Hoy, D., Brooks, P., Woolf, A., Blyth, F., March, L., Bain, C., Baker, P., Smith, E., & Buchbinder, R. (2012) · Journal of Clinical Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2011.11.014 · Cited by 2,555 · see citing works
Nichols, E., Szoeke, C. E. I., Vollset, S. E., Abbasi, N., Abd-Allah, F., Abdela, J., Aichour, M. T. E., Akinyemi, R. O., Alahdab, F., Asgedom, S. W., et al. (2019) · The Lancet Neurology · doi:10.1016/s1474-4422(18)30403-4 · Cited by 2,412 · see citing works
Barendregt, J. J., Doi, S. A., Lee, Y. Y., Norman, R. E., & Vos, T. (2013) · Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health · doi:10.1136/jech-2013-203104 · Cited by 2,169 · see citing works
Protective effect of apolipoprotein E type 2 allele for late onset Alzheimer disease
Corder, E. H., Saunders, A. M., Risch, N. J., Strittmatter, W. J., Schmechel, D. E., Gaskell, P. C., Rimmler, J. B., Locke, P. A., Conneally, P. M., Schmader, K. E., et al. (1994) · Nature Genetics · doi:10.1038/ng0694-180 · Cited by 1,920 · see citing works
Apolipoprotein E: Far More Than a Lipid Transport Protein
Mahley, R. W., & Rall, S. C. (2000) · Annual Review of Genomics and Human Genetics · doi:10.1146/annurev.genom.1.1.507 · Cited by 1,836 · see citing works
Neuropathology of older persons without cognitive impairment from two community-based studies
Bennett, D. A., Schneider, J. A., Arvanitakis, Z., Kelly, J. F., Aggarwal, N. T., Shah, R. C., & Wilson, R. S. (2006) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/01.wnl.0000219668.47116.e6 · Cited by 1,336 · see citing works
APOE and Alzheimer’s disease: Advances in genetics, pathophysiology, and therapeutic approaches
Serrano-Pozo, A., Das, S., & Hyman, B. T. (2021) · The Lancet Neurology · doi:10.1016/s1474-4422(20)30412-9 · Cited by 1,037 · see citing works
Apolipoprotein E (APOE) allele distribution in the world. Is APOE*4 a ‘thrifty’ allele?
Corbo, R. M., & Scacchi, R. (1999) · Annals of Human Genetics · doi:10.1046/j.1469-1809.1999.6340301.x · Cited by 653 · see citing works
A Quarter Century of APOE and Alzheimer’s Disease: Progress to Date and the Path Forward
Belloy, M. E., Napolioni, V., & Greicius, M. D. (2019) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2019.01.056 · Cited by 570 · see citing works
Reiman, E. M., Arboleda-Velasquez, J. F., Quiroz, Y. T., Huentelman, M. J., Beach, T. G., Caselli, R. J., Chen, Y., Su, Y., Myers, A. J., Hardy, J., et al. (2020) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-019-14279-8 · Cited by 473 · see citing works
Apolipoprotein E in Alzheimer's Disease: An Update
Yu, J.-T., Tan, L., & Hardy, J. (2014) · Annual Review of Neuroscience · doi:10.1146/annurev-neuro-071013-014300 · Cited by 394 · see citing works
Self-citationAPOE distribution in world populations with new data from India and the UK
Singh, P. P., Singh, M., & Mastana, S. S. (2006) · Annals of Human Biology · doi:10.1080/03014460600594513 · Cited by 351 · see citing works
Impact of apoE genotype on oxidative stress, inflammation and disease risk
Jofre‐Monseny, L., Minihane, A. M., & Rimbach, G. H. (2008) · Molecular Nutrition & Food Research · doi:10.1002/mnfr.200700322 · Cited by 319 · see citing works
Rücker, G., Schwarzer, G., Carpenter, J. R., & Olkin, I. (2008) · Statistics in Medicine · doi:10.1002/sim.3511 · Cited by 252 · see citing works
Ritchie, K., Carriere, I., Ritchie, C. W., Berr, C., Artero, S., & Ancelin, M.-L. (2010) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.c3885 · Cited by 250 · see citing works
Eisenberg, D. T. A., Kuzawa, C. W., & Hayes, M. G. (2010) · American Journal of Physical Anthropology · doi:10.1002/ajpa.21298 · Cited by 231 · see citing works
Niti, M., Yap, K.-B., Kua, E. H., Tan, C., & Ng, T. P. (2007) · International Psychogeriatrics · doi:10.1017/s1041610207006655 · Cited by 198 · see citing works
Self-citationHuebbe, P., & Rimbach, G. H. (2017) · Ageing Research Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.arr.2017.06.002 · Cited by 194 · see citing works
Rebeck, G. W., Perls, T. T., West, H. L., Sodhi, P., Lipsitz, L. A., & Hyman, B. T. (1994) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.44.8.1513 · Cited by 189 · see citing works
Noubiap, J. J., Essouma, M., Bigna, J. J., Jingi, A. M., Aminde, L. N., & Nansseu, J. R. (2017) · The Lancet Public Health · doi:10.1016/s2468-2667(17)30123-8 · Cited by 185 · see citing works
Suri, S., Heise, V., Trachtenberg, A. J., & Mackay, C. E. (2013) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2013.10.010 · Cited by 183 · see citing works
Understanding the association of apolipoprotein E4 with Alzheimer disease: clues from its structure
Zhong, N., & Weisgraber, K. H. (2009) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.r800009200 · Cited by 159 · see citing works
Longitudinal brain imaging in preclinical Alzheimer disease: impact of APOE ε4 genotype
Mishra, S., Blazey, T. M., Holtzman, D. M., Cruchaga, C., Su, Y., Morris, J. C., Benzinger, T. L. S., & Gordon, B. A. (2018) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/awy103 · Cited by 151 · see citing works
Translating genetic risk of Alzheimer’s disease into mechanistic insight and drug targets
Sierksma, A. S. R., Escott‐Price, V., & Strooper, B. D. (2020) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.abb8575 · Cited by 149 · see citing works
Gene-Environment Interactions: Lifetime Cognitive Activity, APOE Genotype, and Beta-Amyloid Burden
Wirth, M., Villeneuve, S., Joie, R. L., Marks, S. M., & Jagust, W. J. (2014) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.4612-13.2014 · Cited by 131 · see citing works
Hanlon, C. (1995) · Atherosclerosis · doi:10.1016/0021-9150(94)05402-5 · Cited by 129 · see citing works
Hypothetical Preclinical Alzheimer Disease Groups and Longitudinal Cognitive Change
Soldan, A., Pettigrew, C. A., Cai, Q., Wang, M., Moghekar, A., O’Brien, R., Selnes, O. A., & Albert, M. (2016) · JAMA Neurology · doi:10.1001/jamaneurol.2016.0194 · Cited by 118 · see citing works
Effect of APOE ε4 allele on survival and fertility in an adverse environment
van Exel, E. R., Koopman, J. J. E., van Bodegom, D., Meij, H. J., de Knijff, P., Ziem, J. B., Finch, C. E., & Westendorp, R. G. J. (2017) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0179497 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
How can elderly apolipoprotein E ε4 carriers remain free from dementia?
Ferrari, C., Xu, W., Wang, H., Winblad, B. G., Sorbi, S., Qiu, C., & Fratiglioni, L. (2012) · Neurobiology of Aging · doi:10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2012.03.003 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Self-citationThe apolipoprotein E polymorphism in Greenland Inuit in its global perspective
Gerdes, L. U., Gerdes, C., HANSEN, P. S., Klausen, I. C., Færgeman, O., & Dyerberg, J. (1996) · Human Genetics · doi:10.1007/s004390050257 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Bussy, A., Snider, B., Coble, D., Xiong, C., Fagan, A., Cruchaga, C., Benzinger, T., Gordon, B., Hassenstab, J. J., Bateman, R., et al. (2018) · Neurobiology of Aging · doi:10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2018.10.011 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Schwanke, C. H. A., da Cruz, I. B. M., Leal, N. F., Scheibe, R., Moriguchi, Y., & Moriguchi, E. H. (2002) · Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia · doi:10.1590/s0066-782x2002000600004 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Fuzikawa, A. K., Peixoto, S. V., Taufer, M., Moriguchi, E. H., & Lima‐Costa, M. F. (2007) · Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research · doi:10.1590/s0100-879x2006005000183 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Gene frequency clines produced by kin-structured founder effects.
Fix, A. G. (1997) · PubMed · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Out of Africa by spontaneous migration waves
Bons, P. D., Bauer, C., Bocherens, H., de Riese, T., Drucker, D. G., Francken, M., Menéndez, L. P., Uhl, A., van Milligen, B. P., & Wißing, C. (2019) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0201998 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Corbo, R. M., Scacchi, R., Rickards, O., Martínez‐Labarga, C., & Stefano, G. F. D. (1999) · American Journal of Human Biology · doi:10.1002/(sici)1520-6300(1999)11:3 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Cell type‐specific roles of APOE4 in Alzheimer disease
Blumenfeld, J., Yip, O., Kim, M. J., & Huang, Y. (2024) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/s41583-023-00776-9 · Cited by 202 · see citing works
Iverson, G. L., Castellani, R. J., Cassidy, J. D., Schneider, G. M., Schneider, K., Echemendía, R. J., Bailes, J. E., Hayden, A., Koerte, I. K., Manley, G. T., et al. (2023) · British Journal of Sports Medicine · doi:10.1136/bjsports-2023-106890 · Cited by 127 · see citing works
Global rural health disparities in Alzheimer's disease and related dementias: State of the science
Wiese, L. K., Gibson, A., Guest, M. A., Nelson, A. R., Weaver, R. H., Gupta, A., Carmichael, O. T., Lewis, J., Lindauer, A., Loi, S. M., et al. (2023) · Alzheimer s & Dementia · doi:10.1002/alz.13104 · Cited by 107 · see citing works
Kirsher, D. Y., Chand, S., Phong, A., Nguyen, B., Szoke, B. G., & Ahadi, S. (2025) · Communications Chemistry · doi:10.1038/s42004-025-01665-1 · Cited by 111 · see citing works
Naslavsky, M. S., Suemoto, C. K., Brito, L. A., Scliar, M. O., Ferretti‐Rebustini, R. E. D. L., Rodriguez, R. D., Leite, R. E. P., Araujo, N. M., Borda, V., Tarazona‐Santos, E., et al. (2022) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41380-022-01729-x · Cited by 102 · see citing works
Yang, J., Zhi, W., & Wang, L. (2024) · Molecules · doi:10.3390/molecules29122812 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
“The frequency of ApoE ε 4 carriers was found to be highest among the African American population, followed by the African population, the white population, the Hispanic/Latino population, and the Chinese population [137].”
BackgroundZhang, X., Lian, S., Zhang, Y., & Zhao, Q. (2022) · Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery · doi:10.1016/j.clineuro.2022.107134 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
More than just risk for Alzheimer’s disease: APOE ε4's impact on the aging brain
Palmer, J. M., Huentelman, M. J., & Ryan, L. (2023) · Trends in Neurosciences · doi:10.1016/j.tins.2023.06.003 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Nemes, S., Logan, P. E., Manchella, M. K., Mundada, N. S., Joie, R. L., Polsinelli, A. J., Hammers, D. B., Koeppe, R. A., Foroud, T., Nudelman, K. N. H., et al. (2023) · Alzheimer s & Dementia · doi:10.1002/alz.13403 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Pan, F., Huang, Y., Cai, X., Wang, Y., Guan, Y., Deng, J., Yang, D., Zhu, J., Zhao, Y., Xie, F., et al. (2023) · Communications Medicine · doi:10.1038/s43856-023-00295-9 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
“However, it is known that some essential features are discrepant in different populations, for example, the frequency of APOE ε 4 carriers, lifestyle, etc 39,45 .”
InfluentialSelf-citationChen, J., Zhao, S., Zhou, Y., Wang, L., Chen, Q., & Zheng, K. (2025) · BioScience Trends · doi:10.5582/bst.2025.01148 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Li, L., Xu, W., Tan, C., Cao, X., Wei, B., Dong, C., Tan, L., & Initiative, A. D. N. (2021) · European Journal of Neurology · doi:10.1111/ene.15160 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Self-citationFaraji, P., Kühn, H., & Ahmadian, S. (2024) · Journal of Molecular Neuroscience · doi:10.1007/s12031-024-02224-4 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
APOE4 homozygosity is a new genetic form of Alzheimer’s disease
Xu, Q., Liang, Z., & Huang, Y. (2024) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/s41591-024-02923-w · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Bumber, J. R., Rački, V., Mežnarić, S., Pelčić, G., & Mršić‐Pelčić, J. (2025) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm14176047 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Effects of Redox Homeostasis and Mitochondrial Damage on Alzheimer’s Disease
Wu, Y., & Hsieh, H. (2023) · Antioxidants · doi:10.3390/antiox12101816 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Lower mortality risk in APOE4 carriers with normal cognitive ageing
Pirraglia, E., Glodzik, L., & Shao, Y. (2023) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-023-41078-5 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Ethnic differences in the prevalence of amyloid positivity and cognitive trajectories
Jang, H., Chun, M. Y., Yun, J., Kim, J. P., Kang, S. H., Weiner, M. W., Kim, H. J., Na, D. L., Hong, C., Son, S. J., et al. (2024) · Alzheimer s & Dementia · doi:10.1002/alz.14247 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Serum proteomics reveals early biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease: The dual role of APOE-ε4
Ma, Y., Xia, Y., Karako, K., Song, P., Tang, W., & Hu, X. (2025) · BioScience Trends · doi:10.5582/bst.2024.01365 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Huang, L., Tan, L., Tan, C., Zhang, X., Xu, L., Zou, J., Lin, Y.-J., Zhang, Y., Hao, Q., Zhang, Z.-Q., et al. (2025) · BMC Medicine · doi:10.1186/s12916-025-04255-z · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Self-citationGordon, S., Hoey, L., McNulty, H., Keenan, J., Pangilinan, F., Brody, L. C., Ward, M. H., Strain, J. J., McAnena, L. B., McCann, A., et al. (2025) · BMC Medicine · doi:10.1186/s12916-025-04276-8 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Wu, J., Liu, Z., Yao, M., Zhu, Y., Peng, B., & Ni, J. (2024) · Journal of Neurology · doi:10.1007/s00415-024-12451-9 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Xiao, C., Pappas, I., Aksman, L., O’Bryant, S. E., Toga, A. W., & Initiative, A. D. N. (2023) · Alzheimer s & Dementia · doi:10.1002/alz.13110 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Machine learning quantification of Amyloid-β deposits in the temporal lobe of 131 brain bank cases
Scalco, R., Oliveira, L. C., Lai, Z., Harvey, D. J., Abujamil, L., DeCarli, C. S., Jin, L., Chuah, C., & Dugger, B. N. (2024) · Acta Neuropathologica Communications · doi:10.1186/s40478-024-01827-7 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Rodríguez, A., Calero, O., Veiga, S., Menacho-Román, M., Arribas, I., Cano, L., García-Ribas, G., & Calero, M. (2025) · Alzheimer's Research & Therapy · doi:10.1186/s13195-025-01811-w · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Huang, X., Huang, L., Tan, C., Wei, J.-M., Zhang, X.-H., Tan, L., & Xu, W. (2025) · Journal of Neurology · doi:10.1007/s00415-025-13434-0 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Self-citationAmyloid-β and tau deposition in traumatic brain injury: a study of Vietnam War veterans
de Bruin, H., Groot, C., Kamps, S., Vijverberg, E. G. B., Steward, A., Dehsarvi, A., Pijnenburg, Y. A. L., Ossenkoppele, R., & Franzmeier, N. (2024) · Brain Communications · doi:10.1093/braincomms/fcaf009 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Li, X.-L., Wang, R.-T., Tan, C., Tan, L., & Xu, W. (2024) · Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnagi.2024.1448034 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Self-citationSubtypes of multiple‐etiology dementias and the heterogeneous impact of APOE variants
Pirraglia, E., Osorio, R. S., Glodzik, L., Ashebir, Y. A., & Shao, Y. (2025) · Alzheimer s & Dementia · doi:10.1002/alz.70872 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Factors associated with discordant visual and quantitative amyloid PET results
Guevara, J. E., Matusz, E. F., Wang, W., DeSimone, J. C., Yawer, B. A., Fiala, J. A., Levy, S., Arias, F., Rayaprolu, S., Barker, W. W., et al. (2026) · Alzheimer s & Dementia Diagnosis Assessment & Disease Monitoring · doi:10.1002/dad2.70241 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Kang, D. W., Wang, S., Um, Y. H., Kim, N. Y., Lee, C. U., & Lim, H. K. (2022) · Journal of Alzheimer s Disease · doi:10.3233/jad-220427 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Liang, N., Jiang, F., Wang, L., Liu, X., Jia, R., Liu, M., & Hu, J. (2025) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-025-16237-5 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Blumenfeld, J. R., Li, Y., Kim, M. J., Yip, O., Yao, L., Leon, S. D., Fulthorpe, R., Shostak, D. M., Platow, Z., Suan, K., et al. (2025) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2025.11.25.690488 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Manolopoulos, A., Mustapić, M., Nogueras‐Ortiz, C. J., Delgado‐Peraza, F., Pucha, K. A., Yao, P. J., Blommer, J. M., Vreones, M. P., York, W., Knight, D. L., et al. (2025) · Annals of Clinical and Translational Neurology · doi:10.1002/acn3.70143 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Mewborn, E., Cho, M.-G., Erickson, K. I., Bender, C. M., & Conley, Y. P. (2025) · Biological Research For Nursing · doi:10.1177/10998004251385243 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Klinger, H. M., Coughlan, G., Hayden, K. M., Manson, J. E., Wild, R. A., Jung, S. Y., Casanova, R., Liu, L., Shadyab, A. H., Wactawski‐Wende, J., et al. (2026) · Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology · doi:10.1080/13803395.2025.2608340 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Davis, R., Wood, L., Wilkes, L., Chandler, H. L., Anderson, E. L., & Hiscox, L. V. (2026) · NeuroImage Clinical · doi:10.1016/j.nicl.2026.104035 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Cong, Y.-L., Wang, Y.-C., Huang, L.-Y., Yang, Z.-L., Tan, L., Chu, X.-H., & Xu, W. (2026) · Biological Psychiatry Global Open Science · doi:10.1016/j.bpsgos.2026.100800 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Self-citationMolecular genetics of neuropsychiatric illness: some musings
Janardhanan, M., Sen, S., Shankarappa, B., & Purushottam, M. (2023) · Frontiers in Genetics · doi:10.3389/fgene.2023.1203017
Villarreal, A. E., Rangel, G. A., Tratner, A. E., Oviedo, D. C., Carreira, M. B., Bryant, S. O., Castillo, E. C. S., Rodríguez, C. E., & Britton, G. B. (2025) · Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders · doi:10.1159/000546741
ApoE4 Homozygosity Is Associated With Increased Microglia Activation in Fatal COVID ‐19
Hamdan, A., El‐Amri, Y., Heinrich, F., Mohamed, O. A. A., Falla, D. S., Glatzel, M., Matschke, J., & Krasemann, S. (2025) · Neuropathology · doi:10.1111/neup.70033
Scalco, R., Oliveira, L. C., Lai, Z., Harvey, D. J., Abujamil, L., DeCarli, C. S., Jin, L.-W., Chuah, C.-N., & Dugger, B. N. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26778043
Scalco, R., Oliveira, L. C., Lai, Z., Harvey, D. J., Abujamil, L., DeCarli, C. S., Jin, L.-W., Chuah, C.-N., & Dugger, B. N. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26778046
Faucher, C., Thienel, R., Behler, A., Gómez, L., Fripp, J., Breakspear, M. J., & Lupton, M. K. (2026) · Journal of Alzheimer s Disease · doi:10.1177/13872877261427707
Hill, C., Potter, C., Smyth, L., Kilner, J., Quinn, K., Scott, A., Neville, C. E., Kee, F., McGuinness, B., & McKnight, A. J. (2026) · BMC Research Notes · doi:10.1186/s13104-026-07887-3
Scouarnec, L. L., Bouteloup, V., Daly, T. P., Planche, V., Chêne, G., Dufouil, C., for the MEMENTO Study Group, Michèle Allard, A., Amroun, S., Andrade, K. S., et al. (2026) · npj Dementia · doi:10.1038/s44400-026-00128-1
Clinical correlates of APOE ε4 homozygosity in Alzheimer’s dementia: findings from an Indian cohort
Vinod, P., Arampady, C., Sen, S., Janardhanan, M., Kota, L. N., Ganesh, S., Jayasankar, P., Shankarappa, B. M., Paul, P., Nayok, S. B., et al. (2026) · Neurodegenerative Disease Management · doi:10.1080/17582024.2026.2723525
Casson, I. R., & Viano, D. C. (2026) · Journal of Alzheimer s Disease Reports · doi:10.1177/25424823261489698
Owen, A. M. (2026) · Journal of Neurology · doi:10.1007/s00415-026-14147-8
Bon, K. D., Abram, S. V., Mathalon, D. H., Fryer, S. L., Song, S., Naeem, Z., Tang, N., Pulliam, L., & Ford, J. M. (2026) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2026.10.043
- Authors
- Wang, Y.-Y., Ge, Y.-J., Tan, C.-C., Cao, X.-P., Tan, L., & Xu, W.
- Affiliations
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- Qingdao University (CN)
- Corresponding author
- Xu, Wei
- Venue
- Journal of Alzheimer's Disease
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2021-06-01
- Volume
- 81
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 1331-1339
- ISSN
- 1387-2877 (ISSN-L)
- 1875-8908
- OpenAlex
- W3157168630
- Cited by
- 49
- References
- 40
- Citations by year
- 2026: 11 · 2025: 15 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 1
- FWCI
- 4.31
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Alzheimer s Disease (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Alzheimer's disease research and treatments
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetic Associations and Epidemiology
- Keywords
- APOE ε4, apolipoprotein E
- MeSH terms
- Alleles, Alzheimer Disease, Heterozygote, Humans, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Databases, Genetic, Apolipoprotein E4
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review