Prevalence of the apolipoprotein E ε4 allele in amyloid β positive subjects across the spectrum of Alzheimer's disease
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Introduction: Apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 is the major genetic risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD), but its prevalence is unclear because earlier studies did not require biomarker evidence of amyloid β (Aβ) pathology. Methods: We included 3451 Aβ+ subjects (853 AD‐type dementia, 1810 mild cognitive impairment, and 788 cognitively normal). Generalized estimating equation models were used to assess APOE ε4 prevalence in relation to age, sex, education, and geographical location. Results: The APOE ε4 prevalence was 66% in AD‐type dementia, 64% in mild cognitive impairment, and 51% in cognitively normal, and it decreased with advancing age in Aβ+ cognitively normal and Aβ+ mild cognitive impairment (P < .05) but not in Aβ+ AD dementia (P = .66). The prevalence was highest in Northern Europe but did not vary by sex or education. Discussion: The APOE ε4 prevalence in AD was higher than that in previous studies, which did not require presence of Aβ pathology. Furthermore, our results highlight disease heterogeneity related to age and geographical location.
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The effect size of the APOE genotype on Alzheimer disease risk is now known to depend on demographics such as race and ethnicity, age and sex, and whether the Alzheimer disease diagnosis is made on clinical or neuropathological grounds, or confirmed with biomarkers.
“However, the effect size of the APOE genotype on AD risk is now known to depend on a number of variables, including demographics such as race and ethnicity, age and sex, and whether the AD diagnosis is made on clinical or neuropathological8 grounds, or confirmed with biomarkers9.”
From Multifaceted roles of APOE in Alzheimer disease (2024) · cites this paper as [9]
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- Authors
- Mattsson, N., Groot, C., Jansen, W. J., Landau, S. M., Villemagne, V. L., Engelborghs, S., Mintun, M. M., Lleo, A., Molinuevo, J. L., Jagust, W. J., Frisoni, G. B., Ivanoiu, A., Chételat, G., Resende de Oliveira, C., Rodrigue, K. M., Kornhuber, J., Wallin, A., Klimkowicz‐Mrowiec, A., Kandimalla, R., Popp, J., Aalten, P. P., Aarsland, D., Alcolea, D., Almdahl, I. S., Baldeiras, I., van Buchem, M. A., Cavedo, E., Chen, K., Cohen, A. D., Förster, S., Fortea, J., Frederiksen, K. S., Freund‐Levi, Y., Gill, K. D., Gkatzima, O., Grimmer, T., Hampel, H., Herukka, S., Johannsen, P., van Laere, K., de Leon, M. J., Maier, W., Marcusson, J., Meulenbroek, O., Møllergård, H. M., Morris, J. C., Mroczko, B., Nordlund, A., Prabhakar, S., Peters, O., Rami, L., Rodríguez‐Rodríguez, E., Roe, C. M., Rüther, E., Santana, I., Schröder, J., Seo, S. W., Soininen, H., Spiru, L., Stomrud, E., Struyfs, H., Teunissen, C. E., Verhey, F. R. J., Vos, S. J. B., van Waalwijk van Doorn, L. J. C., Waldemar, G., Wallin, Å. K., Wiltfang, J., Vandenberghe, R., Brooks, D. J., Fladby, T., Rowe, C. C., Drzezga, A., Verbeek, M. M., Sarazin, M., Wolk, D. A., Fleisher, A. S., Klunk, W. E., Na, D. L., Sánchez‐Juan, P., Lee, D. Y., Nordberg, A., Tsolaki, M., Camus, V., Rinne, J. O., Fagan, A. M., Zetterberg, H., Blennow, K., Rabinovici, G. D., Hansson, O., van Berckel, B. N. M., van der Flier, W. M., Scheltens, P., Visser, P. J., & Ossenkoppele, R.
- Affiliations
- Lund University (SE)
- Amsterdam Neuroscience (NL)
- Maastricht University (NL)
- University of California, Berkeley (US)
- Austin Hospital (AU)
- University of Antwerp (BE)
- Avid Radiopharmaceuticals (United States) (US)
- Neurology Department Hospital de Sant Pau Barcelona Spain
- Alzheimer's Disease and Other Cognitive Disorders Unit IDIBAPS Clinic University Hospital Barcelona Spain
- University of Geneva (CH)
- Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc (BE)
- Inserm (FR)
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology Faculty of Medicine Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra Coimbra Portugal
- The University of Texas at Dallas (US)
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (DE)
- Jagiellonian University (PL)
- Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (IN)
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CH)
- Stavanger University Hospital (NO)
- Hospital de Sant Pau (ES)
- Akershus University Hospital (NO)
- Centro de Neurociências e Biologia Celular (PT)
- Department of Radiology Leiden University Medical Center Leiden the Netherlands
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (FR)
- Banner Alzheimer’s Institute (US)
- University of Pittsburgh (US)
- Technical University of Munich (DE)
- University of Copenhagen (DK)
- Karolinska University Hospital (SE)
- Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (GR)
- TUM Klinikum (DE)
- University of Eastern Finland (FI)
- Rigshospitalet (DK)
- Department of Imaging and Pathology Catholic University Leuven Leuven Belgium
- School of Medicine Center for Brain Health New York University New York NY USA
- University of Bonn (DE)
- Linköping University (SE)
- Radboud University Nijmegen (NL)
- University of California, San Francisco (US)
- Washington University in St. Louis (US)
- Medical University of Białystok (PL)
- University of Gothenburg (SE)
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DE)
- Consorci Institut D'Investigacions Biomediques August Pi I Sunyer (ES)
- Biomedical Research Networking Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (ES)
- Universitätsmedizin Göttingen (DE)
- Heidelberg University (DE)
- Samsung Medical Center (KR)
- Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy (RO)
- Department of Neurology Donders Institute for Brain Cognition and Behaviour Radboud Alzheimer Center Radboud University Medical Center Nijmegen the Netherlands
- KU Leuven (BE)
- Imperial College London (GB)
- University of Cologne (DE)
- Sorbonne Paris Cité (FR)
- University of Pennsylvania (US)
- Eli Lilly (United States) (US)
- Seoul National University (KR)
- Université de Tours (FR)
- University of Turku (FI)
- Sahlgrenska University Hospital (SE)
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine VU University Medical Center Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam Amsterdam the Netherlands
- Department of Neurology and Alzheimer Center VU University Medical Center Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam Amsterdam the Netherlands
- Corresponding author
- Mattsson, Niklas
- Ossenkoppele, Rik
- ORCID
- Mattsson, Niklas
- Groot, Colin
- Jansen, Willemijn J.
- Villemagne, Victor L.
- Engelborghs, Sebastiaan
- Jagust, William J.
- Frisoni, Giovanni B.
- Chételat, Gaël
- Rodrigue, Karen M.
- Kornhuber, Johannes
- Klimkowicz‐Mrowiec, Aleksandra
- Kandimalla, Ramesh
- Popp, Julius
- Aarsland, Dag
- Alcolea, Daniel
- Almdahl, Ina S.
- Baldeiras, Inês
- Cavedo, Enrica
- Chen, Kewei
- Cohen, Ann D.
- Förster, Stefan
- Fortea, Juan
- Frederiksen, Kristian S.
- Freund‐Levi, Yvonne
- Gkatzima, Olymbia
- Grimmer, Timo
- Hampel, Harald
- Herukka, Sanna‐Kaisa
- Johannsen, Peter
- Maier, Wolfgang
- Marcusson, Jan
- Morris, John C.
- Mroczko, Barbara
- Peters, Oliver
- Rami, Lorena
- Rodríguez‐Rodríguez, Eloy
- Roe, Catherine M.
- Santana, Isabel
- Schröder, Johannes
- Seo, Sang W.
- Soininen, Hilkka
- Spiru, Luiza
- Stomrud, Erik
- Teunissen, Charlotte E.
- Verhey, Frans R.J.
- Vos, Stephanie J.B.
- Waldemar, Gunhild
- Wiltfang, Jens
- Vandenberghe, Rik
- Brooks, David J.
- Fladby, Tormod
- Drzezga, Alexander
- Verbeek, Marcel M.
- Sarazin, Marie
- Wolk, David A.
- Fleisher, Adam S.
- Klunk, William E.
- Na, Duk L.
- Lee, Dong Young
- Nordberg, Agneta
- Tsolaki, Magda
- Camus, Vincent
- Rinne, Juha O.
- Fagan, Anne M.
- Zetterberg, Henrik
- Blennow, Kaj
- Rabinovici, Gil D.
- Hansson, Oskar
- Scheltens, Philip
- Visser, Pieter Jelle
- Ossenkoppele, Rik
- Venue
- Alzheimer's & Dementia
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2018-03-27
- Volume
- 14
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- 913-924
- ISSN
- 1552-5260 (ISSN-L)
- 1552-5279
- OpenAlex
- W2787882567
- Cited by
- 88
- References
- 62
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 12 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 13 · 2019: 12 · 2018: 6
- FWCI
- 8.26
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- pure.amsterdamumc.nl
- Licence
- Locations
- Alzheimer s & Dementia (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Kölner Universitäts PublikationsServer (Universität zu Köln) (publishedVersion)
- Pure Amsterdam UMC (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- Amsterdam UMC (VU Amsterdam) - Institutional Repository (publishedVersion)
- Research Publications (Maastricht University) (acceptedVersion, other-oa)
- Lirias (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- UCrea (University of Cantabria) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Jagiellonian University Repository (Jagiellonian University) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Homo Politicus (Academy of Humanities and Economics in Lodz) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion)
- Leiden Repository (Leiden University) (submittedVersion)
- Digital Access to Libraries (Université catholique de Louvain (UCL), l'Université de Namur (UNamur) and the Université Saint-Louis (USL-B)) (submittedVersion)
- UCL Discovery (University College London) (submittedVersion)
- IRIS (submittedVersion)
- Lund University Publications (Lund University) (submittedVersion)
- mediaTUM (Technical University of Munich) (submittedVersion)
- DZNE Pub (submittedVersion)
- Research at the University of Copenhagen (University of Copenhagen) (submittedVersion)
- Radboud Repository (Radboud University) (submittedVersion)
- SERVAL (Université de Lausanne) (submittedVersion)
- VUBIR (Vrije Universiteit Brussel) (submittedVersion)
- Research Publications (Maastricht University) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Newcastle University ePrints (Newcastle Univesity) (cc-by-nc-nd)
- Funders
- AXA Research Fund
- National Institutes of Health (P50 AG005133, RF1 AG025516, PO1 AG025204, P50AG005681, P01AG003991, P01AG026276, U19AG032438)
- Indian Council of Medical Research
- GE Healthcare
- Instituto de Salud Carlos III
- Eli Lilly and Company
- Roche
- Genentech
- H. Lundbeck A/S
- Novartis
- Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung (SNF 320030L_141179)
- Fujirebio Europe
- Avid Radiopharmaceuticals
- AstraZeneca
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation
- National Health and Medical Research Council
- Merck
- Academy of Finland
- European Commission (7ThFP 601055 VPH‐DARE)
- Itä-Suomen Yliopisto
- Boehringer Ingelheim
- KU Leuven
- Biogen
- ZonMw
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Alzheimer's disease research and treatments
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Neurology › Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Research
- Keywords
- APOE ε4
- MeSH terms
- Aged, Alleles, Alzheimer Disease, Europe, Female, Humans, Male, Biomarkers, Prevalence, Amyloid beta-Peptides, Positron-Emission Tomography, Apolipoprotein E4, Cognitive Dysfunction
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