The forgotten APOE allele: A review of the evidence and suggested mechanisms for the protective effect of APOE ɛ2
Abstract
Ongoing efforts to improve survival, and enhance quality of life have led biomedical research to focus on disease and the mechanisms that increase risk for disease. The other side of that coin may be as important, i.e. examining the protective factors that allow some individuals to enjoy long, healthy lives. One of the best examples of a gene that positively influences cognitive health is the apolipoprotein (APOE) ɛ2 allele. The APOE ɛ4 allele is a well-established risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD) and has thus dominated the APOE literature, with the putative protective role of ɛ2 receiving little attention. This review describes the effects of APOE ɛ2 on the structure and function of the brain. With a focus on neurodegeneration, we discuss evidence for APOE ɛ2's protective effects, explore some key mechanisms through which this protection may be conferred, and address a few inconsistencies in the literature. Understanding the mechanisms that underlie the association between APOE ɛ2, cognition and longevity may provide new targets for research on promoting life-long health.
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PSEN1 and APOE may interact to modify ADAOO in these patients.
“This finding is consistent with recent research,62 and suggests that PSEN1 and APOE may interact to modify ADAOO in these patients.”
From APOE*E2 allele delays age of onset in PSEN1 E280A Alzheimer’s disease (2016) · cites this paper as [62]
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The ApoE ε4 Isoform: Can the Risk of Diseases be Reduced by Environmental Factors?
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Genetic and regulatory architecture of Alzheimer's disease in the APOE region
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APOE Polymorphism Affects Brain Default Mode Network in Healthy Young Adults
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Sex differences in risk of Alzheimer's disease in adults with Down syndrome
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Dissociable effects of the apolipoprotein-E (APOE) gene on short- and long-term memories
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Self-citationAPOE region molecular signatures of Alzheimer's disease across races/ethnicities
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APOE E2/E2 Is Associated with Slower Rate of Cognitive Decline with Age
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The Roles of Apolipoprotein E, Lipids, and Glucose in the Pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s Disease
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Protective Variants in Alzheimer’s Disease
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APOE4 is a Risk Factor and Potential Therapeutic Target for Alzheimer's Disease
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Stimulating myelin restoration with BDNF: a promising therapeutic approach for Alzheimer's disease
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Associations Between APOE Variants, Tau and α-Synuclein
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APOE – a genetic marker of comorbidity in subjects with morbid obesity
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Sex differences in associations between APOE ε2 and longitudinal cognitive decline
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Does apolipoprotein E genotype influence cognition in middle-aged individuals?
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APOE ε4 Genotype and Cognitive Reserve Effects on the Cognitive Functioning of Healthy Elders
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- Authors
- Suri, S., Heise, V., Trachtenberg, A. J., & Mackay, C. E.
- Affiliations
- John Radcliffe Hospital (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Mackay, Clare E.
- Venue
- Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2013-12
- Volume
- 37
- Issue
- 10
- Pages
- 2878-2886
- ISSN
- 0149-7634 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2067079625
- Cited by
- 183
- References
- 126
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 14 · 2023: 15 · 2022: 15 · 2021: 24 · 2020: 26 · 2019: 14 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 14 · 2016: 18 · 2015: 14 · 2014: 3
- FWCI
- 1.29
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- University of Oxford Clarendon scholarship
- Alzheimer's Research UK studentship
- Rhodes scholarship
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR), UK
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Alzheimer's disease research and treatments
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms
- Keywords
- APOE ε2 allele, APOE ε4, apolipoprotein E, Alzheimer's disease, neuroprotection, cognitive health, longevity, neurodegeneration, brain structure and function, protective genetic factor
- MeSH terms
- Alleles, Cognition Disorders, Genotype, Humans, Longevity, Risk Factors, Neurodegenerative Diseases, Apolipoprotein E2
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