Understanding the association of apolipoprotein E4 with Alzheimer disease: clues from its structure
Open accessAbstract
Despite intense interest, the molecular mechanisms underlying the association of apoE4 with Alzheimer disease are not clear. Because the function (or dysfunction) of a protein is based on its structure, this review focuses on the effects of the structural differences among the isoforms on neurodegeneration. Understanding how apoE4 structure impacts neurodegeneration is likely to provide mechanistic insight as well as potential therapeutic approaches to blunt or reduce its effects.
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ApoE has two structural domains: an N-terminal domain responsible for interaction with ApoE receptors, and a C-terminal domain responsible for lipoprotein binding.
“ApoE has two structural domains, an N-terminal domain, which is responsible for interaction with ApoE receptors, and a C-terminal domain, which is responsible for lipoprotein binding [68].”
From ApoE, ApoE Receptors, and the Synapse in Alzheimer's Disease (2017) · cites this paper as [68]
ApoE exists in three isoforms that differ at residues 112 and 158: ApoE2 has cysteine at both positions, ApoE3 has cysteine at position 112 and arginine at position 158, and ApoE4 has arginines at both positions.
“ApoE exists in the human population in three isoforms, which differ at only two residues, 112 and 158. ApoE2 has a cysteine at both positions, ApoE3 has a cysteine at position 112 and an arginine at position 158, and ApoE4 has arginines at both positions [68].”
From ApoE, ApoE Receptors, and the Synapse in Alzheimer's Disease (2017) · cites this paper as [68]
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- Authors
- Zhong, N., & Weisgraber, K. H.
- Affiliations
- Gladstone Institutes (US)
- Corresponding author
- Weisgraber, Karl H.
- ORCID
- Zhong, Ning
- Venue
- Journal of Biological Chemistry
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2009-03
- Volume
- 284
- Issue
- 10
- Pages
- 6027-6031
- ISSN
- 0021-9258 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC2649104
- OpenAlex
- W2007282102
- Cited by
- 159
- References
- 43
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 13 · 2019: 14 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 12 · 2013: 8 · 2012: 11
- FWCI
- 1.34
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Biological Chemistry (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Alzheimer's Association
- American Health Assistance Foundation
- Gladstone Institutes
- National Institutes of Health (CO6 RR0118928, AG‐022074)
- National Institute on Aging (P01AG022074)
- National Center for Research Resources (C06 RR0118928)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Alzheimer's disease research and treatments
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms
- Keywords
- APOE ε4, Alzheimer's disease, APOE isoforms, protein structure, neurodegeneration, molecular mechanisms, therapeutic target
- MeSH terms
- Alzheimer Disease, Animals, Humans, Structure-Activity Relationship, Protein Structure, Tertiary, Protein Isoforms, Apolipoprotein E4
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