Cited by 65Avian ecology and behaviorMarine animal studies overviewMarine and fisheries research

Influence of local and regional prey availability on breeding performance of African penguins Spheniscus demersus

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Sherley, RB, Underhill, LG, Barham, BJ, Barham, PJ, Coetzee, JC, Crawford, RJM, Dyer, BM, Leshoro, TM +1 more·2013·Marine Ecology Progress Series

Abstract

MEPS Marine Ecology Progress Series Contact the journal Facebook Twitter RSS Mailing List Subscribe to our mailing list via Mailchimp HomeLatest VolumeAbout the JournalEditorsTheme Sections MEPS 473:291-301 (2013) - DOI: https://doi.org/10.3354/meps10070 Influence of local and regional prey availability on breeding performance of African penguins Spheniscus demersus Richard B. Sherley1,3,9,*, Les G. Underhill1,2, Barbara J. Barham4, Peter J. Barham2,5, Janet C. Coetzee6, Robert J. M. Crawford2,7, Bruce M. Dyer7, T. Mario Leshoro8, Leshia Upfold7 1Marine Research Institute, and 2Animal Demography Unit, Department of Zoology, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, Cape Town, South Africa 3School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1UG, UK 4Penguin Datasystems, Bristol BS6 6QS, UK 5H. H. Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TL, UK 6Branch Fisheries, Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Rogge Bay 8012, South Africa 7Oceans and Coasts, Department of Environmental Affairs, Rogge Bay 8012, South Africa 8Robben Island Museum, Robben Island 7400, South Africa 9Present address: Animal Demography Unit, Department of Zoology, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, Cape Town, South Africa *Email: richard.sherley@uct.ac.za ABSTRACT: Population trends of African penguins Spheniscus demersus in the Western Cape, South Africa, and their breeding success have been linked to the abundance of their main prey, sardine Sardinops sagax and anchovy Engraulis encrasicolus. During the late 1990s and early 2000s, both fish species increased markedly in abundance, but after 2004, sardine biomass decreased to below average levels. In addition, adults of both stocks were principally located to the east of Cape Agulhas from 2001 to 2009 and were thus distant from seabird colonies on South Africa's West Coast. The number of African penguin pairs counted at Robben Island from 2001 to 2009 and the fledging period of chicks from successful nests increased and decreased in apparent response to the biomass of sardine prior to each breeding season, possibly linked through adult condition at the onset of breeding. Breeding success and chick-fledging rates increased during the study period and showed positive relationships with local food availability, indexed through the annual industrial catch of anchovy made within 56 km (30 nautical miles) of the colony. In addition, chick-fledging rates were depressed in 2-chick broods during years when anchovy contributed <75% by mass to the diet of breeding birds. Previously reported relationships between the overall abundance of forage fish in South Africa and penguin breeding success were not supported. Taken together, these results highlight the combined importance of ensuring adequate local food availability for seabirds during the reproductive cycle and safeguarding regional prey abundance during the non-breeding season. KEY WORDS: Breeding performance · Fisheries–seabird interactions · Seabird conservation · Nesting success · Ecosystem approach Full text in pdf format Supplementary material PreviousCite this article as: Sherley RB, Underhill LG, Barham BJ, Barham PJ and others (2013) Influence of local and regional prey availability on breeding performance of African penguins Spheniscus demersus. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 473:291-301. https://doi.org/10.3354/meps10070 Export citation RSS - Facebook - Tweet - linkedIn Cited by Published in MEPS Vol. 473. Online publication date: January 21, 2013 Print ISSN: 0171-8630; Online ISSN: 1616-1599 Copyright © 2013 Inter-Research.

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  • The duration of the fledging period varies as a function of both the local foraging conditions and the energy that parents can afford to invest in chick provisioning.

    “The duration of the fledging period varies as a function of both the local foraging conditions and the energy that parents can afford to invest in chick provisioning [8], [48].”

    From Hand-Rearing, Release and Survival of African Penguin Chicks Abandoned Before Independence by Moulting Parents (2014) · cites this paper as [8]

    In “Fledging success and fledging periods” (page unavailable), the authors assume that fledging duration responds to food availability and how quickly parents provision chicks. “Fledging periods” reports a relationship with sardine biomass, but the paper does not establish that parental energy available for provisioning independently determines fledging duration. The claim presents that proposed mechanism as an established finding. (LLM, conf=0.84)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
  • Abandonments could have been mediated either by poor food availability close to the colonies during chick-rearing, poor availability of adult fish during the preceding pre-breeding period, or a combination of the two.

    “such that abandonments could have been mediated either by poor food availability close to the colonies during chick-rearing, poor availability of adult fish during the preceding pre-breeding period, or a combination of the two [8].”

    From Hand-Rearing, Release and Survival of African Penguin Chicks Abandoned Before Independence by Moulting Parents (2014) · cites this paper as [8]

    The Discussion (page unavailable) proposes that pre-breeding condition, which may depend on adult fish stocks, interacts with prey availability near the colony to affect breeding success and chick provisioning. It does not specifically identify these factors as causes of abandonments, so that outcome is not established by this paper. (LLM, conf=0.82)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
  • Chick growth rates show high plasticity in response to variable feeding conditions.

    “but chick growth rates show high plasticity in response to variable feeding conditions [8], [11].”

    From Hand-Rearing, Release and Survival of African Penguin Chicks Abandoned Before Independence by Moulting Parents (2014) · cites this paper as [8]

    The Fledging success and fledging periods section treats time to fledging as potentially responsive to food availability and parental provisioning. The Fledging periods results report variation in that time associated with prey biomass, but the paper does not directly measure chick growth rates or establish that their plasticity is high. (LLM, conf=0.83)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
  • If poor prey availability persists, the subsequent survival and reproductive success of these birds would be compromised relative to birds at colonies where conditions are more favourable.

    “However, if the poor prey availability persists, their subsequent survival and reproductive success would be compromised relative to birds at colonies where conditions are more favourable [3], [6], [8].”

    From Hand-Rearing, Release and Survival of African Penguin Chicks Abandoned Before Independence by Moulting Parents (2014) · cites this paper as [8]

    The Discussion (page not available in our copy) reports that breeding success increased with local anchovy abundance and explains how scarce food can reduce chick fledging. It does not establish that persistent poor prey availability compromises the birds’ subsequent survival, or compare survival and reproductive success between colonies with poor and favourable conditions. (LLM, conf=0.84)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
  • An increase in fledging periods, similar to that observed at Robben Island, may well have occurred at Dyer Island.

    “and an increase in fledging periods, similar to that observed at Robben Island [8], may well have occurred.”

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1 of the 52 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.

Research works printed but not linked: 1

  1. Orians GH, Pearson NE (1979) On the theory of central place foraging. In: Horn DJ, Mitchell RD, Stairs GR (eds) Analysis of ecological systems. Ohio State University Press, Colombus, OH, p 154-177

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Authors
Sherley, R., Underhill, L., Barham, B., Barham, P., Coetzee, J., Crawford, R., Dyer, B., Leshoro, T., & Upfold, L.
Affiliations
  • University of Cape Town (ZA)
  • Government of South Africa (ZA)
Venue
Marine Ecology Progress Series
Published
2013-01-21
Volume
473
Pages
291-301
ISSN
  • 0171-8630 (ISSN-L)
  • 1616-1599
OpenAlex
W2332974808
Cited by
65
References
52
Citations by year
2026: 1 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 1 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 8 · 2013: 2
FWCI
4.54
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
Marine Ecology Progress Series (publishedVersion)
Funders
  • Earthwatch Institute
  • Leverhulme Trust
  • National Research Foundation
Topics
  • Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Ecology › Avian ecology and behavior
  • Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Ecology › Marine animal studies overview
  • Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Global and Planetary Change › Marine and fisheries research
Keywords
African penguin, Spheniscus demersus, breeding performance, prey availability, sardine, anchovy, Sardinops sagax, Engraulis encrasicolus, fish stock depletion, seabird population trends, Cape Agulhas, Western Cape

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