Poverty, Seasonal Scarcity and Exchange Asymmetries
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The effect of poverty on fluid intelligence (cognitive capacity), initially found by Mani et al. (2013a), did not hold in replication studies (Dalton et al. 2019; Fehr et al. 2019).
“First, the effect of poverty on fluid intelligence (cognitive capacity), initially found by Mani et al. (2013a), did not hold in replication studies (Dalton et al. 2019; Fehr et al. 2019).”
From Poverty and economic decision making: a review of scarcity theory (2022) · cites this paper as Fehr et al. 2019
Split into 2 atoms — 0 confirmed, 2 partially supported, 0 disputed, 0 misattributed, 0 unverifiable. Expand the claim to see per-atom verdicts.
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredFluid intelligence scores did not significantly differ between pre-harvest and post-harvest conditions and before versus after paying back a consumption loan.
“Fluid intelligence scores did not significantly differ between pre-harvest compared to post-harvest conditions and before vs. after paying back a consumption loan.”
From Poverty and economic decision making: a review of scarcity theory (2022) · cites this paper as Fehr et al. (2019)
Section 5.4.2 identifies Raven’s Progressive Matrices as the fluid-intelligence measure and reports little seasonal variation in its scores. Appendix Table A.7 (p. A.11) shows no significant seasonal difference in the individual fixed-effects analysis, although its pooled analysis does show significant differences. The loan analysis compares scores following loan delivery with a control group, not scores before and after loan repayment, so that part of the claim is unsupported. (LLM, conf=0.88)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredBoth the cross-sectional and pre-post elements of Fehr et al. (2019) might have failed to control for all potential confounders, while the experimental manipulation might not have been strong enough to evoke different levels of financial scarcity.
“As a methodological limitation, we note that both the cross-sectional and pre-post (harvest) elements of the study might have failed to control for all potential confounders, while the experimental manipulation might not have been strong enough to evoke different levels in feelings of financial scarcity.”
From Poverty and economic decision making: a review of scarcity theory (2022) · cites this paper as Fehr et al. (2019)
Split into 2 atoms — 0 confirmed, 1 partially supported, 0 disputed, 0 misattributed, 1 unverifiable. Expand the claim to see per-atom verdicts.
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe results of Fehr et al. (2019) confirmed the trade-off thinking but not the mental bandwidth tax hypothesis of scarcity theory.
“Overall, results of this study did confirm the trade-off thinking but not the mental bandwidth tax hypothesis of scarcity theory.”
From Poverty and economic decision making: a review of scarcity theory (2022) · cites this paper as Fehr et al. (2019)
The Conclusion (p. unavailable) suggests that scarcity led farmers to focus more on the trade-off between items, but qualifies this interpretation with “taken at face value” and “may”; it does not confirm the mechanism. The Introduction (p. unavailable) reports little evidence that cognitive skills or executive function were associated with scarcity or decision quality in this study. That supports a lack of evidence for a bandwidth tax here, not a general rejection of the hypothesis. (LLM, conf=0.86)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredFehr et al. (2019) showed that people facing financial scarcity are less susceptible to the endowment effect than when they face financial abundance.
“Similarly, Fehr et al. (2019) showed that people facing financial scarcity are less susceptible to the endowment effect than when they face financial abundance.”
From Poverty and economic decision making: a review of scarcity theory (2022) · cites this paper as Fehr et al. (2019)
Fehr et al. (2019) found that participants were less susceptible to the endowment effect pre-harvest (relative financial scarcity) than post-harvest (relative abundance).
“Importantly, exploiting ecological variation in financial scarcity around harvest, they found that participants were less susceptible to the endowment effect pre-harvest (when farmers face relative financial scarcity) than post-harvest (when farmers face relative abundance).”
From Poverty and economic decision making: a review of scarcity theory (2022) · cites this paper as Fehr et al. (2019)
In Fehr et al. (2019), a significantly larger share of participants than predicted did not exchange their product.
“However, the authors found strong evidence for the existence of exchange asymmetries: A significantly larger share of participants than predicted did not exchange their product.”
From Poverty and economic decision making: a review of scarcity theory (2022) · cites this paper as Fehr et al. (2019)
The finding that financial scarcity reduces the endowment effect was robust under other sources of variation in financial scarcity (cross-sectional differences in wealth and experimental variation in liquidity constraints).
“This finding was robust under other sources of variation in financial scarcity (cross-sectional differences in wealth and experimental variation in liquidity constraints).”
From Poverty and economic decision making: a review of scarcity theory (2022) · cites this paper as Fehr et al. (2019)
Fehr et al. (2019) found that facing financial scarcity reduces exchange asymmetries (the endowment effect).
“Fehr et al. (2019) found that facing financial scarcity reduces exchange asymmetries (also known as the endowment effect).”
From Poverty and economic decision making: a review of scarcity theory (2022) · cites this paper as Fehr et al. (2019)
Fehr et al. (2019) found an inconsistent relationship between scarcity and fluid intelligence.
“They found an inconsistent relationship between scarcity and fluid intelligence.”
From Poverty and economic decision making: a review of scarcity theory (2022) · cites this paper as Fehr et al. (2019)
Fehr et al. (2019) found a similar inconsistent effect of poverty on cognitive control as for fluid intelligence among Zambian farmers.
“In their study among Zambian farmers, Fehr et al. (2019) found a similar inconsistent effect on cognitive control as for fluid intelligence.”
From Poverty and economic decision making: a review of scarcity theory (2022) · cites this paper as Fehr et al. (2019)
Using cross-sectional differences in wealth, Fehr et al. (2019) found that lower wealth was associated with lower fluid intelligence.
“Using cross-sectional differences in wealth, they found that lower wealth was associated with lower fluid intelligence.”
From Poverty and economic decision making: a review of scarcity theory (2022) · cites this paper as Fehr et al. (2019)
In Fehr et al. (2019), lower wealth was associated with lower levels of cognitive control, but this result did not carry over to seasonal and experimental variation in financial scarcity.
“Although lower wealth was associated with lower levels of cognitive control, this result did not carry over to seasonal and experimental variation in financial scarcity.”
From Poverty and economic decision making: a review of scarcity theory (2022) · cites this paper as Fehr et al. (2019)
The association between lower wealth and lower fluid intelligence did not replicate under seasonal and experimental variation in financial scarcity.
“However, this finding did not replicate under seasonal (pre- vs. post-harvest) and experimental (disbursement of a consumption loan) variation in financial scarcity.”
From Poverty and economic decision making: a review of scarcity theory (2022) · cites this paper as Fehr et al. (2019)
The effect of poverty on cognitive control was not found in studies exploiting monthly payday or loan disbursement, possibly because these financial shocks are too small to affect cognitive control meaningfully.
“Specifically, the effect was not found in studies exploiting (monthly) payday (Carvalho et al. 2016; Lichand and Mani 2020) or loan disbursement (Fehr et al. 2019), possibly because these financial shocks are too small to affect cognitive control meaningfully.”
From Poverty and economic decision making: a review of scarcity theory (2022) · cites this paper as Fehr et al. 2019
Across all sources of variation, greater financial scarcity was associated with smaller exchange asymmetries (i.e., participants were more likely to trade under scarcity).
“Across all sources of variation, greater financial scarcity was associated with smaller exchange asymmetries (i.e., participants were more likely to trade under scarcity)”
From Poverty and economic decision making: a review of scarcity theory (2022) · cites this paper as Fehr et al. (2019)
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The Endowment Effect and Collateralized LoansPreprint
Carney, K., Kremer, M. R., Lin, X., & Rao, G. (2022) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.4122802 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
The Endowment Effect and Collateralized LoansPreprint
Carney, K., Kremer, M. R., Lin, X., & Rao, G. (2022) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.4126384 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Attention, Focus, and Economic Behavior
Schlatterer, M. G. (2022) · doi:10.20378/irb-55038
Micro-targeting consumers to reduce consumptive externalities
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Scarcity Mindset Affects Attention Allocation: Effects, Consequences and Interventions
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Szécsi, P., Bognar, M., & Szászi, B. (2025) · doi:10.31234/osf.io/nk4d9_v2
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Boredom as Cognitive Allostasis
Elpidorou, A. (2025) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/9780197564363.003.0008
Elpidorou, A. (2025) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/9780197564363.003.0012
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Elpidorou, A. (2025) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/9780197564363.003.0014
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Elpidorou, A. (2025) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/9780197564363.002.0004
Elpidorou, A. (2025) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/9780197564363.003.0011
Elpidorou, A. (2025) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/9780197564363.003.0010
Elpidorou, A. (2025) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/9780197564363.002.0006
Elpidorou, A. (2025) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/9780197564363.002.0007
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Elpidorou, A. (2025) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/9780197564363.003.0005
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- Authors
- Fehr, D., Fink, G., & Jack, K.
- Affiliations
- National Bureau of Economic Research (US)
- Venue
- National Bureau of Economic Research
- Publisher
- National Bureau of Economic Research
- Published
- 2019-10
- OpenAlex
- W2979754715
- Cited by
- 40
- References
- 79
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 20 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 1
- Type
- report
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- doi.org
- Locations
- National Bureau of Economic Research (publishedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- National Bureau of Economic Research (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- International Growth Centre
- Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (CRC 649)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Income, Poverty, and Inequality
- Social Sciences › Economics, Econometrics and Finance › General Economics, Econometrics and Finance › Monetary Policy and Economic Impact
- Social Sciences › Economics, Econometrics and Finance › Economics and Econometrics › Economics of Agriculture and Food Markets
- Keywords
- poverty, seasonal unemployment
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