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Cited by 33Hippo pathway signaling and YAP/TAZMicrotubule and mitosis dynamicsDevelopmental Biology and Gene Regulation

Mob Family Proteins: Regulatory Partners in Hippo and Hippo-Like Intracellular Signaling Pathways

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Duhart, Juan Carlos, Raftery, Laurel A.·2020·Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology
DOI 10.3389/fcell.2020.00161PMC PMC7096357
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Abstract

Studies in yeast first delineated the function of Mob proteins in kinase pathways that regulate cell division and shape; in multicellular eukaryotes Mobs regulate tissue growth and morphogenesis. In animals, Mobs are adaptors in Hippo signaling, an intracellular signal-transduction pathway that restricts growth, impacting the development and homeostasis of animal organs. Central to Hippo signaling are the Nuclear Dbf2-Related (NDR) kinases, Warts and LATS1 and LATS2, in flies and mammals, respectively. A second Hippo-like signaling pathway has been uncovered in animals, which regulates cell and tissue morphogenesis. Central to this emergent pathway are the NDR kinases, Tricornered, STK38, and STK38L. In Hippo signaling, NDR kinase activation is controlled by three activating interactions with a conserved set of proteins. This review focuses on one co-activator family, the highly conserved, non-catalytic Mps1-binder-related (Mob) proteins. In this context, Mobs are allosteric activators of NDR kinases and adaptors that contribute to assembly of multiprotein NDR kinase activation complexes. In multicellular eukaryotes, the Mob family has expanded relative to model unicellular yeasts; accumulating evidence points to Mob functional diversification. A striking example comes from the most sequence-divergent class of Mobs, which are components of the highly conserved Striatin Interacting Phosphatase and Kinase (STRIPAK) complex, that antagonizes Hippo signaling. Mobs stand out for their potential to modulate the output from Hippo and Hippo-like kinases, through their roles both in activating NDR kinases and in antagonizing upstream Hippo or Hippo-like kinase activity. These opposing Mob functions suggest that they coordinate the relative activities of the Tricornered/STK38/STK38L and Warts/LATS kinases, and thus have potential to assemble nodes for pathway signaling output. We survey the different facets of Mob-dependent regulation of Hippo and Hippo-like signaling and highlight open questions that hinge on unresolved aspects of Mob functions.

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  • MST1 and MST3 can activate NDR2 kinase either through direct phosphorylation of NDR2 regulatory domains or by promoting the activity of coactivators such as MOB1.

    “MST1 and MST3 are the two most studied upstream regulators of the Hippo pathway and they can activate NDR2 kinase either through direct phosphorylation of NDR2 regulatory domains or by promoting the activity of coactivators such as MOB1 (Duhart and Raftery 2020; Stegert et al. 2005).”

    From The Serine/Threonine Kinase <scp>NDR2</scp> Regulates Integrin Signaling, Synapse Formation, and Synaptic Plasticity in the Hippocampus (2025) · cites this paper as Duhart and Raftery 2020

    The sections on NDR kinase activation and STE20 kinases support Mob-assisted activation and phosphorylation of NDR kinases by upstream kinases; they identify MST1/2 as Hippo kinases and GckIII kinases, including MST3, as other upstream regulators. But the paper does not establish the proposed MOB1-mediated route for MST3: in “Mob Proteins Interact With Hippo Kinases to Regulate NDR Kinase Activity” (page unavailable), it says whether Mobs participate in GckIII-driven activation is unknown. The cited passages also discuss NDR kinases generally rather than demonstrating both routes specifically for NDR2. (LLM, conf=0.88)

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Cited by

Sorted by citations

Authors
Duhart, J. C., & Raftery, L. A.
Affiliations
University of Nevada, Las Vegas (US)
Corresponding author
  • Duhart, Juan Carlos
  • Raftery, Laurel A.
ORCID
Venue
Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology
Publisher
Frontiers Media SA
Published
2020-03-19
Volume
8
Pages
161-161
ISSN
2296-634X (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.3389/fcell.2020.00161
PMC
PMC7096357
OpenAlex
W3011088567
Cited by
33
References
3
Citations by year
2026: 5 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 1
FWCI
0.52
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Digital Scholarship - UNLV (University of Nevada Reno) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
Funders
National Science Foundation
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Hippo pathway signaling and YAP/TAZ
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Microtubule and mitosis dynamics
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Developmental Biology and Gene Regulation
Keywords
Hippo signaling pathway, NDR kinase, Warts kinase, LATS kinase, STK38, STRIPAK complex, kinase activation, allosteric activation, tissue growth regulation, morphogenesis, cell division regulation

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