Compartmentalization of Photoreceptor Sensory Cilia

Barnes, Cassandra L.; Malhotra, Himanshu; Calvert, Peter D.

doi:10.3389/fcell.2021.636737

Cited by 44Genetic and Kidney Cyst DiseasesCystic Fibrosis Research AdvancesRetinal Development and Disorders

Compartmentalization of Photoreceptor Sensory Cilia

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Barnes, Cassandra L., Malhotra, Himanshu, Calvert, Peter D.·2021·Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology

DOI 10.3389/fcell.2021.636737PMC PMC7889997

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Abstract

Functional compartmentalization of cells is a universal strategy for segregating processes that require specific components, undergo regulation by modulating concentrations of those components, or that would be detrimental to other processes. Primary cilia are hair-like organelles that project from the apical plasma membranes of epithelial cells where they serve as exclusive compartments for sensing physical and chemical signals in the environment. As such, molecules involved in signal transduction are enriched within cilia and regulating their ciliary concentrations allows adaptation to the environmental stimuli. The highly efficient organization of primary cilia has been co-opted by major sensory neurons, olfactory cells and the photoreceptor neurons that underlie vision. The mechanisms underlying compartmentalization of cilia are an area of intense current research. Recent findings have revealed similarities and differences in molecular mechanisms of ciliary protein enrichment and its regulation among primary cilia and sensory cilia. Here we discuss the physiological demands on photoreceptors that have driven their evolution into neurons that rely on a highly specialized cilium for signaling changes in light intensity. We explore what is known and what is not known about how that specialization appears to have driven unique mechanisms for photoreceptor protein and membrane compartmentalization.

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Retinal dystrophy represents a common clinical phenotype in several non-motile ciliopathies.
“Retinal dystrophy represents a common clinical phenotype in several non-motile ciliopathies12,73,74.”
From The inner junction protein CFAP20 functions in motile and non-motile cilia and is critical for vision (2022) · cites this paper as [74]
The section “The BBSome in Photoreceptors” states that Bardet–Biedl syndrome is a ciliopathy that leads to retinal degeneration and that almost all patients develop retinitis pigmentosa. This supports retinal dystrophy as a common phenotype in that syndrome, but the passages do not establish its prevalence across several non-motile ciliopathies. (LLM, conf=0.82)
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Authors: Barnes, C. L., Malhotra, H., & Calvert, P. D.
Affiliations: SUNY Upstate Medical University (US)
Corresponding author: Calvert, Peter D.
ORCID: Barnes, Cassandra L.
Calvert, Peter D.
Venue: Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Published: 2021-02-04
Volume: 9
Pages: 636737-636737
ISSN: 2296-634X (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.636737
PMC: PMC7889997
OpenAlex: W3127000513
Cited by: 44
References: 317
Citations by year: 2026: 7 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 5
FWCI: 1.07
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: gold
doi.org
Licence: cc-by
creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (vor)
Locations: Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology (publishedVersion, cc-by)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
Funders: National Eye Institute (R01 EY028303, R01EY018421)
Research to Prevent Blindness (Stein Innovation Award)
Topics: Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetic and Kidney Cyst Diseases
Health Sciences › Medicine › Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine › Cystic Fibrosis Research Advances
Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Retinal Development and Disorders
Keywords: photoreceptors, primary cilia, sensory cilia, signal transduction, light signaling, olfactory sensory neurons

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Compartmentalization of Photoreceptor Sensory Cilia

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