Dysbiosis and Implication of the Gut Microbiota in Diabetic Retinopathy
Open accessAbstract
The pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is commonly associated with altered gut bacteria. However, whether the microbial dysbiosis that exists in human diabetic patients with or without retinopathy is different remains largely unknown. Here, we collected clinical information and fecal samples from 75 participants, including 25 diabetic patients without retinopathy (DM), 25 diabetic patients with retinopathy (DR), and 25 healthy controls (HC). The gut microbial composition in the three groups was analyzed using 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene sequencing. Microbial structure and composition differed in the three groups. The α and β diversities in both the DM and DR groups were reduced compared with those in the HC group. Blautia was the most abundant genus, especially in the DM group. In addition, increased levels of Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus and decreased levels of Escherichia-Shigella, Faecalibacterium, Eubacterium_hallii_group and Clostridium genera were observed in the DM and DR groups compared with the HC group. Furthermore, a biomarker set of 25 bacterial families, which could distinguish patients in the DR group from those in the DM and HC groups was identified, with the area under the curve values ranging from 0.69 to 0.85. Of note, Pasteurellaceae, which was increased in DM and decreased in DR compared with HC, generated a high AUC (0.74) as an individual predictive biomarker. Moreover, 14 family biomarkers were associated with fasting blood glucose levels or diabetes, with most of them being negatively correlated. In summary, our study establishes compositional alterations of gut microbiota in DM and DR, suggesting the potential use of gut microbiota as a non-invasive biomarker for clinical and differential diagnosis, as well as identifying potential therapeutic targets of diabetic retinopathy.
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A Chinese cohort using 16S rRNA sequencing found 25 discriminative bacterial families that accurately differentiated DR patients from diabetes and controls.
“A Chinese cohort using 16S rRNA sequencing found 25 discriminative bacterial families that accurately differentiated DR patients from diabetes and controls [59].”
From Artificial intelligence-powered prediction of diabetic complications: from clinical data to molecular omics (2026) · cites this paper as [59]
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Self-citationGut microbiome in diabetic retinopathy: A systematic review and meta-analysis
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Gut Microbiota Profiles in Myopes and Nonmyopes
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Microbiome and Retinal Vascular Diseases
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Gut microbiota induced abnormal amino acids and their correlation with diabetic retinopathy
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Self-citationNatural remedies proposed for the management of diabetic retinopathy (DR): diabetic complications
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Advances in fecal microbiota transplantation for the treatment of diabetes mellitus
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Research progress of diabetic retinopathy and gut microecology
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Postbiotics: emerging therapeutic approach in diabetic retinopathy
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Gut microbiota and eye diseases: A review
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Gut microbiome and retinal diseases: an updated review
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Clinical trials targeting the gut-microbiome to effect ocular health: a systematic review
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Gut microbiome and diabetic retinopathy
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Intraocular Microbiome in Diabetes and Diabetic Retinopathy: A Pilot Study
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The Link Between Gastrointestinal Microbiome and Ocular Disorders
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Gut Microbiota in T2DM Patients with Microvascular Complications: A 16S rRNA Sequencing Study
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“A Chinese cohort using 16S rRNA sequencing found 25 discriminative bacterial families that accurately differentiated DR patients from diabetes and controls [59].”
- Authors
- Huang, Y., Wang, Z., Ma, H., Ji, S., Chen, Z., Cui, Z., Chen, J., & Tang, S.
- Affiliations
- Central South University (CN)
- Aier Eye Hospital Group (China) (CN)
- Corresponding author
- Chen, Jiansu
- Tang, Shibo
- ORCID
- Venue
- Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology
- Publisher
- Frontiers Media SA
- Published
- 2021-03-19
- Volume
- 11
- Pages
- 646348-646348
- ISSN
- 2235-2988 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC8017229
- OpenAlex
- W3138774893
- Cited by
- 180
- References
- 52
- Citations by year
- 2026: 28 · 2025: 46 · 2024: 43 · 2023: 32 · 2022: 23 · 2021: 8
- FWCI
- 8.79
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- National Natural Science Foundation of China (81871495)
- Key Research and Development Program of Jiangxi Province (20203BBGL73193)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Gut microbiota and health
- Health Sciences › Dentistry › Periodontics › Oral microbiology and periodontitis research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Gastroenterology › Gastrointestinal motility and disorders
- Keywords
- diabetic retinopathy, gut microbiota, dysbiosis, type 2 diabetes, microbial biomarkers, Pasteurellaceae, bacterial diversity, Blautia, Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus, fasting blood glucose, differential diagnosis
- MeSH terms
- Gastrointestinal Microbiome, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Diabetic Retinopathy, Feces, Humans, RNA, Ribosomal, 16S, Dysbiosis
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