Critical review of the role of ash content and composition in biomass pyrolysis
Open accessAbstract
In the face of environmental challenges (e.g., dramatically increasing greenhouse gas emissions and climate change), it is utmost of importance to sustainable energy systems. Biomass consisting of agricultural and forest waste, municipal solid waste, and aquatics, has been identified as alternative and promising fuel sources. Thermochemical conversion approaches like pyrolysis can turn various types of biomass into three valuable product streams, namely, bio-oil, biochar, and syngas. To date, past review articles have considered the major operating parameters of kinetics, chemistry, and the application of pyrolysis products. However, ash content is one of the key biomass components that lacks investigation on its influence during biomass pyrolysis with respect to products yield and properties. This review article examines: i) the ash content and composition in different types of biomass; ii) effects of ash content on catalytic pathway and biomass thermal degradation; iii) ash related problems in the thermal degradation of biomass; and iv) available deashing techniques for biomass. The review aims to provide new understandings and insights regarding the effects of ash content and composition on biomass pyrolysis.
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AAEM in ash substitutes biomass protons in phenolic, acidic, or carbonyl groups, leading to salt formation.
“as AAEM in ash substitutes biomass protons in phenolic, acidic, or carbonyl groups, leading to salt formation [15].”
From Pilot-Scale Slow Pyrolysis, Post-Heat Treatment, and Self-Heating Performance of Biochar Fuels Derived from Construction, Renovation, and Demolition (CRD) Wood Waste (2026) · cites this paper as [15]
Section 2 says minerals in biomass ash can substitute for acidic hydrogen atoms in carboxylic acid or phenolic groups and subsequently form salts. It does not identify carbonyl groups as a site of proton substitution, so that part of the claim is unsupported. (LLM, conf=0.88)
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Under-Deposit Corrosion on Steel Pipeline Surfaces: Mechanism, Mitigation and Current Challenges
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Pyrolysis of municipal solid waste: A kinetic study through multi-step reaction models.
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Methods and Applications of Deoxygenation for the Conversion of Biomass to Petrochemical Products
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Biomass to biofuel: Impacts and mitigation of environmental, health, and socioeconomic challenges
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Biomass Demineralization: A Critical Need for Future Biorefineries
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Biomass torrefaction coupled gasification technology: A critical review
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Valorization of rice straw via torrefaction and its effect on the physicochemical properties
Rafey, A., Pal, K., & Pant, K. (2025) · Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery · doi:10.1007/s13399-024-06472-7 · Cited by 11
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Thermochemical Conversion of Biomass into 2nd Generation Biofuel
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“Highlighting Ash’s Puri et al. [32] con fi rmed this hypothesis in their studies.”
InfluentialSophiana, I. C., Liem, C. A., Raga, A. F., Safira, F. Y., Baharin, N. S. K., Steven, S., Hara, H., Tamio, I. D. A., & Riyadi, F. A. (2026) · Biomass and Bioenergy · doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2026.109094 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
- Authors
- Puri, L., Hu, Y., & Naterer, G.
- Affiliations
- University of Prince Edward Island (CA)
- Corresponding author
- Hu, Yulin
- Naterer, Greg
- Venue
- Frontiers in Fuels
- Publisher
- Frontiers Media SA
- Published
- 2024-03-08
- Volume
- 2
- ISSN
- 2813-6217 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W4392626943
- Cited by
- 226
- References
- 156
- Citations by year
- 2026: 123 · 2025: 89 · 2024: 14
- FWCI
- 24.82
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Frontiers in Fuels (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Funders
- Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Thermochemical Biomass Conversion Processes
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Materials Chemistry › Thermal and Kinetic Analysis
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Mechanical Engineering › Mining and Gasification Technologies
- Keywords
- biomass pyrolysis, ash content, ash composition, bio-oil, biochar, syngas, thermal degradation, catalytic pyrolysis, biomass fuel, agricultural waste, forestry waste, municipal solid waste, aquaculture waste
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