Cited by 566Cytokine Signaling Pathways and InteractionsAdipokines, Inflammation, and Metabolic DiseasesProtein Tyrosine Phosphatases

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SOCS3, a Major Regulator of Infection and Inflammation

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Carow, Berit, Rottenberg, Martin E.·2014·Frontiers in Immunology

DOI 10.3389/fimmu.2014.00058PMC PMC3928676

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Abstract

In this review, we describe the role of suppressor of cytokine signaling-3 (SOCS3) in modulating the outcome of infections and autoimmune diseases as well as the underlying mechanisms. SOCS3 regulates cytokine or hormone signaling usually preventing, but in some cases aggravating, a variety of diseases. A main role of SOCS3 results from its binding to both the JAK kinase and the cytokine receptor, which results in the inhibition of STAT3 activation. Available data also indicate that SOCS3 can regulate signaling via other STATs than STAT3 and also controls cellular pathways unrelated to STAT activation. SOCS3 might either act directly by hampering JAK activation or by mediating the ubiquitination and subsequent proteasome degradation of the cytokine/growth factor/hormone receptor. Inflammation and infection stimulate SOCS3 expression in different myeloid and lymphoid cell populations as well as in diverse non-hematopoietic cells. The accumulated data suggest a relevant program coordinated by SOCS3 in different cell populations, devoted to the control of immune homeostasis in physiological and pathological conditions such as infection and autoimmunity.

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RETRACTED: Suppressors of Cytokine Signaling 2 and 3 Diametrically Control Macrophage Polarization
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Zhao, Y., Zhang, K., & Fent, K. (2016) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/acs.est.6b03436 · Cited by 70
Constitutive STAT3 phosphorylation and IL-6/IL-10 co-expression are associated with impaired T-cell function in tuberculosis patients
Harling, K., Adankwah, E., Güler, A., Awuah, A. A.-A., Adu-Amoah, L., Mayatepek, E., Owusu‐Dabo, E., Nausch, N., & Jacobsen, M. (2018) · Cellular and Molecular Immunology · doi:10.1038/cmi.2018.5 · Cited by 67
CDK6 Inhibition: A Novel Approach in AML Management
Uras, I. Z., Sexl, V., & Kollmann, K. (2020) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms21072528 · Cited by 65
Inhibition of EZH2 (Enhancer of Zeste Homolog 2) Attenuates Neuroinflammation via H3k27me3/SOCS3/TRAF6/NF-κB (Trimethylation of Histone 3 Lysine 27/Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling 3/Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor Family 6/Nuclear Factor-κB) in a Rat Model of Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
Luo, Y., Fang, Y., Kang, R., Lenahan, C., Gamdzyk, M., Zhang, Z., Okada, T., Tang, J., Chen, S., & Zhang, J. H. (2020) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/strokeaha.120.029951 · Cited by 65
Mesenchymal Stromal Cell-Derived Microvesicles Regulate an Internal Pro-Inflammatory Program in Activated Macrophages
Agudelo, J. S. H., Braga, T. T., Amano, M. T., Cenedeze, M. A., Cavinato, R. A., dos Santos, A. R. P., Muscará, M. N., Teixeira, S. A., Cruz, M. C., Castoldi, Â., et al. (2017) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2017.00881 · Cited by 63
“The possible explanation for this molecular interplay would be the fact that SOCS3 is a strong inhibitor of the STAT6 signaling pathway, thus interfering with IL-6 expression, which seems to be regulated downstream by miR-155 (43).”
Background
Regulation of human interferon signaling by transposon exonization
Pasquesi, G. I. M., Allen, H. L., Ivancevic, A. M., Barbachano-Guerrero, A., Joyner, O., Guo, K., Simpson, D. M., Gapin, K., Horton, I., Nguyen, L. L., et al. (2024) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2024.11.016 · Cited by 67
Immunity and inflammation: the neglected key players in congenital heart disease?
Wienecke, L. M., Cohen, S., Bauersachs, J. K., Mebazaa, A., & Chousterman, B. G. (2021) · Heart Failure Reviews · doi:10.1007/s10741-021-10187-6 · Cited by 69
“Hypoxia-induced SOCS3 expression can be stimulated by inflammation and infection and is involved in the myocardial adaptation to chronic hypoxia in CHD [20, 21].”
Background
Decoding inflammation, its causes, genomic responses, and emerging countermeasures
Hawiger, J., & Zienkiewicz, J. (2019) · Scandinavian Journal of Immunology · doi:10.1111/sji.12812 · Cited by 62
The Neurotherapeutic Arsenal in Cannabis sativa: Insights into Anti-Neuroinflammatory and Neuroprotective Activity and Potential Entourage Effects
Al-Khazaleh, A. K., Zhou, X., Bhuyan, D. J., Münch, G. W., Al-Dalabeeh, E. A., Jaye, K. M., & Chang, D. (2024) · Molecules · doi:10.3390/molecules29020410 · Cited by 66
“NF-κ inflammation [93,94].”
BRD9 binds cell type-specific chromatin regions regulating leukemic cell survival via STAT5 inhibition
Gaudio, N. D., Costanzo, A. D., Liu, N. Q., Conte, L., Migliaccio, A., Vermeulen, M., Martens, J. H. A., Stunnenberg, H. G., Nebbioso, A., & Altucci, L. (2019) · Cell Death and Disease · doi:10.1038/s41419-019-1570-9 · Cited by 61
EVs from BALF—Mediators of Inflammation and Potential Biomarkers in Lung Diseases
Zaręba, Ł., Szymański, J., Homoncik, Z., & Czystowska, M. (2021) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms22073651 · Cited by 58
“EVs derived from AMs containing SOCS3 significantly restrained STAT3 activation and reduced proliferation and survival of lung adenocarcinoma cells.”
BackgroundInfluential
Association of Cardiovascular Health Through Young Adulthood With Genome-Wide DNA Methylation Patterns in Midlife: The CARDIA Study
Zheng, Y., Joyce, B. T., Hwang, S., Ma, J., Liu, L., Allen, N. B., Krefman, A. E., Wang, J., Gao, T., Nannini, D. R., et al. (2022) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/circulationaha.121.055484 · Cited by 59
Expression of suppressor of cytokine signaling genes in human elderly and Alzheimer’s disease brains and human microglia
Walker, D. G., Whetzel, A. M., & Lue, L. (2014) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2014.09.052 · Cited by 57
“…(IL) and interferons (IFN), and growth factors exert their biological effects via the Janus kinase-signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK-STAT) pathways following interactions with cell surface receptors (Carow and Rottenberg, 2014;Dimitriou et al, 2008;Kershaw et al, 2013).”
Comprehensive analysis of an lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA competing endogenous RNA network in pulpitis
Lei, F., Zhang, H., & Xie, X. (2019) · PeerJ · doi:10.7717/peerj.7135 · Cited by 55
Cinnamaldehyde and hesperetin attenuate TNBS‐induced ulcerative colitis in rats through modulation of the JAk2/STAT3/SOCS3 pathway
Elhennawy, M. G., Abdelaleem, E. A., Zaki, A. A., & Mohamed, W. R. (2021) · Journal of Biochemical and Molecular Toxicology · doi:10.1002/jbt.22730 · Cited by 54
Targeting the STAT3 oncogenic pathway: Cancer immunotherapy and drug repurposing
Dong, Y., Chen, J., Chen, Y., & Liu, S. (2023) · Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy · doi:10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115513 · Cited by 59
Macrophage polarization in response to oral commensals and pathogens
Huang, C. B., Alimova, Y. V., & Ebersole, J. L. (2016) · Pathogens and Disease · doi:10.1093/femspd/ftw011 · Cited by 51
“…negatively by guest on February 20, 2016 http://fem spd.oxfordjournals.org/ D ow nloaded from regulate cytokine signaling, and form part of a negative feedback loop for inflammation via STATs and NFB (Baetz, et al. 2007: 160-7, Carow and Rottenberg 2014: 58, Delgado-Ortega, et al. 2013: 1-19).”
Background
Deficiency of Socs3 leads to brain-targeted experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis via enhanced neutrophil activation and ROS production
Yan, Z., Yang, W., Parkitny, L., Gibson, S. A., Lee, K. S., Collins, F., Deshane, J. S., Cheng, W., Weinmann, A. S., Wei, H., et al. (2019) · JCI Insight · doi:10.1172/jci.insight.126520 · Cited by 59
“SOCS3 negatively regulates STAT3 signaling and is induced upon activation of the JAK/STAT pathway (61).”
Background
The Gasdermin D N-terminal fragment acts as a negative feedback system to inhibit inflammasome-mediated activation of Caspase-1/11
Hu, Y., Jiang, Y., Li, S., Ma, X., Chen, M., Yang, R., Wen, S., Moynagh, P. N., Wang, B., Hu, G., et al. (2022) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.2210809119 · Cited by 51
SOX2 promotes resistance of melanoma with PD-L1 high expression to T-cell-mediated cytotoxicity that can be reversed by SAHA
Wu, R., Wang, C., Li, Z., Xiao, J., Li, C., Wang, X., Kong, P., Cao, J., Huang, F., Li, Z., et al. (2020) · Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer · doi:10.1136/jitc-2020-001037 · Cited by 52
“We found that SAHA could sensitize the melanoma cells to T-cell killing in IFN γ pretreated group (figure 4F, online supplemental figure 5D).”
Lidocaine alleviates morphine tolerance via AMPK-SOCS3-dependent neuroinflammation suppression in the spinal cord
Zhang, Y., Tao, G., Hu, L., Qu, J., Han, Y., Zhang, G., Qian, Y., Jiang, C., & Liu, W. (2017) · Journal of Neuroinflammation · doi:10.1186/s12974-017-0983-6 · Cited by 52
“hairpin RNAs, or cell-penetrating SOCS3 proteins have been performed [43].”
Human granulosa cells function as innate immune cells executing an inflammatory reaction during ovulation: a microarray analysis
Poulsen, L. L. C., Englund, A. L. M., Wissing, M. L., Andersen, C. Y., Borup, R., & Grøndahl, M. L. (2019) · Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.mce.2019.02.014 · Cited by 52
BAL Cell Gene Expression in Severe Asthma Reveals Mechanisms of Severe Disease and Influences of Medications
Weathington, N. M., O’Brien, M. E., Radder, J. E., Whisenant, T. C., Bleecker, E. R., Busse, W. W., ERZURUM, S. C., Gaston, B. M., Hastie, A. T., Jarjour, N. N., et al. (2019) · American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1164/rccm.201811-2221oc · Cited by 49
Long noncoding RNA Meg3 sponges miR-708 to inhibit intestinal tumorigenesis via SOCS3-repressed cancer stem cells growth
Zhang, S., Ji, W.-W., Wei, W., Zhan, L., & Huang, X. (2021) · Cell Death and Disease · doi:10.1038/s41419-021-04470-5 · Cited by 48
“Given that SOCS3 acts as a negative regulator of the JAK/STAT3 pathway [30, 31], we next assessed STAT3 activation.”
Background
NET Formation in Bullous Pemphigoid Patients With Relapse Is Modulated by IL-17 and IL-23 Interplay
Giusti, D., Bini, E. I., Terryn, C., Didier, K., Jan, S. L., Gatouillat, G., Durlach, A., Nesmond, S., Muller, C. B., Bernard, P., et al. (2019) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2019.00701 · Cited by 48
Epigenetics and Inflammatory Markers: A Systematic Review of the Current Evidence
González-Jaramillo, V., Portilla-Fernández, E., Glišić, M., Voortman, T., Ghanbari, M., Bramer, W. M., Chowdhury, R., Nijsten, T. E. C., Dehghan, A., Franco, O. H., et al. (2019) · International Journal of Inflammation · doi:10.1155/2019/6273680 · Cited by 51
“The gene SOCS3, suppressor of cytokine signalling 3, plays a pivotal role in the innate immune system as a regulator of cytokine signalling along the JAK/STAT pathway and was previously reported to have an important role in the processes of atherosclerosis [42].”
Background
Adaptive responses of histone modifications to resistance exercise in human skeletal muscle
Lim, C., Shimizu, J., Kawano, F., Kim, H. J., & Kim, C. K. (2020) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0231321 · Cited by 48
“Socs3 is reportedly induced by IL-6, but inhibits the IL-6-mediated JAK-STAT pathway, and suppresses inflammation [28].”
Background
IL-10 and socs3 Are Predictive Biomarkers of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever
Flores-Mendoza, L. K., Estrada-Jiménez, T., Sedeño-Monge, V., Moreno, M., Manjarrez, M. D. C., González-Ochoa, G., Peña, L. M.-P., & Reyes‐Leyva, J. (2017) · Mediators of Inflammation · doi:10.1155/2017/5197592 · Cited by 47
“Of the eight family members, socs1 and socs3 are the most potent inhibitors of cytokine signaling mediated by the JAK/STAT pathway [18, 19].”
Background
Germline STAT3 gain-of-function mutations in primary immunodeficiency: Impact on the cellular and clinical phenotype
Faletti, L. E., Ehl, S. R., & Heeg, M. (2021) · Biomedical Journal · doi:10.1016/j.bj.2021.03.003 · Cited by 47
“Additionally, SOCS3 mediates the ubiquitination and subsequent proteasome degradation of other receptors, like the G-CSF and insulin receptor [36].”
Background
CDK6 coordinates JAK2V617F mutant MPN via NF-κB and apoptotic networks
Uras, I. Z., Maurer, B., Nivarthi, H., Jodl, P., Kollmann, K., Prchal‐Murphy, M., Feenstra, J. D. M., Zojer, M., Lagger, S., Grausenburger, R., et al. (2019) · Blood · doi:10.1182/blood-2018-08-872648 · Cited by 46
Targeting STAT3: A crucial modulator of sepsis
Lei, W., Liu, D., Sun, M., Lu, C., Yang, W., Wang, C., Cheng, Y., Zhang, M., Shen, M., Yang, Z. P., et al. (2021) · Journal of Cellular Physiology · doi:10.1002/jcp.30394 · Cited by 47
Polymorphisms in the IL‐1 gene cluster influence systemic inflammation in patients at risk for acute‐on‐chronic liver failure
Alcaraz‐Quiles, J., Titos, E., Casulleras, M., Pavesi, M., López‐Vicario, C., Rius, B., Lopategi, A., Gottardi, A. D., Graziadei, I. W., Grønbæk, H., et al. (2016) · Hepatology · doi:10.1002/hep.28896 · Cited by 45
“We also assessed an SNP (rs1800871) in the gene coding for the antiinflammatory cytokine IL-10((10)) and an SNP (rs4969170) in the suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS) 3.((11)) The screening also included an SNP (rs3135500) coding for nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing protein 2 (NOD2), a receptor…”
Method
Mimetics of suppressor of cytokine signaling 3: Novel potential therapeutics in triple breast cancer
Manna, S. L., Lee, E.-M., Ouzounova, M., Natale, C. D., Novellino, E., Merlino, A., Körkaya, H., & Marasco, D. (2018) · International Journal of Cancer · doi:10.1002/ijc.31594 · Cited by 44
“The SOCS family proteins play crucial roles in these processes.(1) SOCSs are traditionally considered as negative feedback inhibitors of Janus Kinases-Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription (JAK-STAT) pathway, but more recently, they have been shown to be regulated by different transcriptional, translational…”
Background
Targeting BRD9 for Cancer Treatment: A New Strategy
Zhu, X., Liao, Y., & Tang, L. (2020) · OncoTargets and Therapy · doi:10.2147/ott.s286867 · Cited by 45
DNA 5mC and RNA m6A modification successively facilitates the initiation and perpetuation stages of HSC activation in liver fibrosis progression
Feng, Y. M., Guo, S., Zhao, Y., Dong, H., Qian, J., Hu, Y., Wu, L., Jia, Y., & Zhao, R. (2023) · Cell Death and Differentiation · doi:10.1038/s41418-023-01130-3 · Cited by 46
“SOCS3 serves as a “brake” in the auto-regulatory feedback loop to prohibit nuclear translocation of STAT3 [31].”
Background
Clearance of apoptotic cells by lung alveolar macrophages prevents development of house dust mite-induced asthmatic lung inflammation
Miki, H., Pei, H., Gracias, D. T., Linden, J. M., & Croft, M. (2020) · Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2020.10.005 · Cited by 45
Potential Natural Biomolecules Targeting JAK/STAT/SOCS Signaling in the Management of Atopic Dermatitis
Kopalli, S. R., Prakash, A. V., & Koppula, S. (2022) · Molecules · doi:10.3390/molecules27144660 · Cited by 45
“The SOCS3 gene, cloned in 1997, is one of the major SOCS family proteins that have been shown to possess immunoregulatory roles in inflammatory-associated infections including AD [67,68].”
Background
Human Cytomegalovirus Immediate-Early 1 Protein Rewires Upstream STAT3 to Downstream STAT1 Signaling Switching an IL6-Type to an IFNγ-Like Response
Harwardt, T., Lukas, S., Zenger, M., Reitberger, T., Danzer, D., Theresa, Ü., Munday, D. C., Nevels, M. M., & Paulus, C. (2016) · PLoS Pathogens · doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1005748 · Cited by 43
“One of the pSTAT3 target genes encodes the suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS3) which forms part of a negative feedback circuit by inhibiting IL6 signaling [8, 9].”
Background
Bioengineered three-dimensional diseased intervertebral disc model revealed inflammatory crosstalk
Srivastava, A., Isa, I. L. M., Rooney, P., & Pandit, A. S. (2017) · Biomaterials · doi:10.1016/j.biomaterials.2017.01.045 · Cited by 43
Dissecting the cellular landscape and transcriptome network in viral myocarditis by single-cell RNA sequencing
(2022) · doi:10.1016/j.isci.2022.103865 · Cited by 43
Genomics of human fatty liver disease reveal mechanistically linked lipid droplet-associated gene regulations in bland steatosis and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.
Sahini, N., & Borlak, J. (2016) · Translational Research: The Journal of Laboratory and Clinical Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.trsl.2016.06.003 · Cited by 47
Factors Influencing the Differentiation of Human Monocytic Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells Into Inflammatory Macrophages
Bayık, D., Tross, D., & Klinman, D. M. (2018) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2018.00608 · Cited by 42
“org March 2018 | Volume 9 | Article 608 (SOCS3, Figure 6C) (40).”
A network of core and subtype-specific gene expression programs in myositis
Amici, D. R., Pinal‐Fernandez, I., Christopher‐Stine, L., Mammen, A. L., & Mendillo, M. L. (2021) · Acta Neuropathologica · doi:10.1007/s00401-021-02365-5 · Cited by 39
“This approach successfully identified hubs with overarching control of their correlated process, such as the master regulators MYOG (myogenesis [4]) and SOCS3 (NFKB [8]) (Fig.”
Background
Alveolar Epithelial Cell–Derived Prostaglandin E2 Serves as a Request Signal for Macrophage Secretion of Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling 3 during Innate Inflammation
Speth, J. M., Bourdonnay, E., Penke, L. R. K., Mancuso, P., Moore, B. B., Weinberg, J. B., & Peters-Golden, M. L. (2016) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.1502153 · Cited by 44
“As recent studies have implicated intracellular SOCS3 in the regulation of inflammation and infection (23, 24), we sought to investigate the effects of both viral and bacterial infection on extracellular SOCS3 secretion in the lung.”
Background
TNF deficiency dysregulates inflammatory cytokine production, leading to lung pathology and death during respiratory poxvirus infection
Kels, M. J. T., Ng, E., Rumaih, Z. A., Pandey, P., Ruuls, S. R., Körner, H., Newsome, T. P., Chaudhri, G., & Karupiah, G. (2020) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.2004615117 · Cited by 43
Downregulation of miR-218 by porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus facilitates viral replication via inhibition of type I interferon responses
Zhang, L., Zhang, L., Pan, Y., Gao, J., Xu, Y., Li, X., Tian, Z., Chen, H., & Wang, Y. (2021) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.jbc.2021.100683 · Cited by 40
“(SOCS3), a critical regulator of infection and inflammation (33).”
Background
Human microRNA‐30 inhibits influenza virus infection by suppressing the expression of SOCS1, SOCS3, and NEDD4
Lin, X., Yu, S., Ren, P., Sun, X., & Jin, M. (2019) · Cellular Microbiology · doi:10.1111/cmi.13150 · Cited by 40
“This led us to focus on SOCS1 and SOCS3, which were reported to be involved in the antiviral response (Alexander, 2002; Carow & Rottenberg, 2014; Pothlichet, Chignard, & Si-Tahar, 2008) .”
Background

Authors: Carow, B., & Rottenberg, M. E.
Affiliations: Karolinska Institutet (SE)
Corresponding author: Carow, Berit
ORCID: Carow, Berit
Venue: Frontiers in Immunology
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Published: 2014
Volume: 5
Pages: 58-58
ISSN: 1664-3224 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2014.00058
PMC: PMC3928676
OpenAlex: W2140013858
Cited by: 555
References: 179
Citations by year: 2026: 31 · 2025: 55 · 2024: 65 · 2023: 71 · 2022: 64 · 2021: 58 · 2020: 43 · 2019: 52 · 2018: 31 · 2017: 25 · 2016: 27 · 2015: 24 · 2014: 9
FWCI: 3.22
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: gold
doi.org
Licence: cc-by
Locations: Frontiers in Immunology (publishedVersion, cc-by)
Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
Topics: Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Cytokine Signaling Pathways and Interactions
Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Adipokines, Inflammation, and Metabolic Diseases
Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases
Keywords: SOCS3, suppressor of cytokine signaling, infection, inflammation, autoimmune disease, STAT3 activation, JAK kinases, cytokine signaling, receptor ubiquitination, proteasomal degradation, immune homeostasis, myeloid cells, lymphoid cells

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SOCS3, a Major Regulator of Infection and Inflammation

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