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Pharmacological Inhibitors of the NLRP3 Inflammasome
Open accessAbstract
Inflammasomes play a crucial role in innate immunity by serving as signaling platforms which deal with a plethora of pathogenic products and cellular products associated with stress and damage. By far, the best studied and most characterized inflammasome is NLRP3 inflammasome, which consists of NLRP3 (nucleotide-binding domain leucine-rich repeat (NLR) and pyrin domain containing receptor 3), ASC (apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a caspase recruitment domain), and procaspase-1. Activation of NLRP3 inflammasome is mediated by highly diverse stimuli. Upon activation, NLRP3 protein recruits the adapter ASC protein, which recruits the procaspase-1 resulting in its cleavage and activation, inducing the maturation and secretion of inflammatory cytokines and pyroptosis. However, aberrant activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome is implicated in various diseases including diabetes, atherosclerosis, metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases; raising a tremendous clinical interest in exploring the potential inhibitors of NLRP3 inflammasome. Recent investigations have disclosed various inhibitors of the NLRP3 inflammasome pathway which were validated through in vitro studies and in vivo experiments in animal models of NLRP3-associated disorders. Some of these inhibitors directly target the NLRP3 protein whereas some are aimed at other components and products of the inflammasome. Direct targeting of NLRP3 protein can be a better choice because it can prevent off target immunosuppressive effects, thus restrain tissue destruction. This paper will review the various pharmacological inhibitors of the NLRP3 inflammasome and will also discuss their mechanism of action.
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“the NLRP3 inflammasome is a key regulator of SASP induction, widely involved in disease and for which drug development is active (Zahid et al. 2019).”
From Senescence and the SASP: many therapeutic avenues (2020) · cites this paper as Zahid et al. 2019
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Fourie, C., Shridas, P., Davis, T., de Villiers, W. J. S., & Engelbrecht, A. (2020) · Cytokine & Growth Factor Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.cytogfr.2020.10.006 · Cited by 30
Pyrroloquinoline quinone inhibits PCSK9-NLRP3 mediated pyroptosis of Leydig cells in obese mice
Wang, J., Zhang, S., Hu, L., Wang, Y., Liu, K., Le, J., Tan, Y., Li, T., Xue, H., Wei, Y., et al. (2023) · Cell Death and Disease · doi:10.1038/s41419-023-06162-8 · Cited by 30
“…of T synthesis dysfunction in obese mice derived from the suppression of PCSK9, which gives rise to NLRP3-maneged pyroptosis of LCs, we used siRNA duplexes or selective inhibitor MCC950 [30] to knock down the expression of PCSK9 or NLRP3 respectively in a PA-treated TM3 cell model [31].”
MethodChang, R., Jia, H., Dong, Z., Xu, Q., Liu, L., Zolzaya, M., Batbaatar, T., Xu, C., Yang, Q., & Sun, X. (2023) · Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry · doi:10.1021/acs.jafc.3c02090 · Cited by 26
Parthenolide targets NLRP3 to treat inflammasome-related diseases.
Liu, L., Feng, L., Gao, J.-H., Hu, J., Li, A., Zhu, Y.-Y., Zhang, C.-L., Qiu, B., & Shen, Z.-J. (2023) · International Immunopharmacology · doi:10.2139/ssrn.4352824 · Cited by 28
Liu, L.-L., Yan, X., Xue, K., Wang, X., Li, L., Chen, H., Li, R., Li, H., Lan, J., Xin, J.-J., et al. (2022) · Phytomedicine · doi:10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154427 · Cited by 31
The Role of Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and NLRP3 Inflammasome in Liver Disorders
Lü, X., Huang, H., Fu, X., Chen, C., Liu, H., Wang, H., & Wu, D. (2022) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms23073528 · Cited by 31
Bruton’s tyrosine kinase drives neuroinflammation and anxiogenic behavior in mouse models of stress
Ghosh, S., Mohammed, Z., & Singh, I. (2021) · Journal of Neuroinflammation · doi:10.1186/s12974-021-02322-9 · Cited by 29
“To this end, we selected MCC950, a compound known to inhibit NLRP3 and have an excellent blood–brain barrier permeability [34, 58].”
MethodMitochondrial Modulations, Autophagy Pathways Shifts in Viral Infections: Consequences of COVID-19
Singh, S. P., Amar, S., Gehlot, P., Patra, S. K., Kanwar, N., & Kanwal, A. (2021) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms22158180 · Cited by 35
“Antidiabetic Metformin [152] Pioglitazone [156], Exenatide, Vildagliptin [158], Berberine [159] Liraglutide [159] Glyburide [157,160]”
BackgroundImportance of NLRP3 Inflammasome in Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms
Shi, J., Guo, J., Li, Z., Xu, B., & Miyata, M. (2021) · Journal of Atherosclerosis and Thrombosis · doi:10.5551/jat.rv17048 · Cited by 45
Fenamates as Potential Therapeutics for Neurodegenerative Disorders
Hill, J., & Zawia, N. H. (2021) · Cells · doi:10.3390/cells10030702 · Cited by 37
“The NLRP3 inflammasome is a wellknown driver of tau pathology and there are several proven direct and indirect inhibitors of the NLRP3 inflammasome that have been identified [48,95,96].”
Quagliariello, V., Bonelli, A., Caronna, A., Lombari, M. C., Conforti, G., Libutti, M., Iaffaioli, R. V., Berretta, M., Botti, G., & Maurea, N. (2020) · European Review for Medical and Pharmacological Sciences · doi:10.26355/eurrev_202009_22867 · Cited by 28
Candida albicans: the current status regarding vaginal infections
Faustino, M., Ferreira, C., Pereira, A. M., & CARVALHO, A. P. F. D. (2025) · Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology · doi:10.1007/s00253-025-13478-2 · Cited by 33
“…of VVC and RVVC. NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitors have gained interest as a therapeutic strategy, with several research studies reporting reduced inflammation in several disease models (Zahid et al. 2019; Mezzaroma et al. 2021; Ambrus-Aikelin et al. 2023; Xu et al. 2024; Tantra et al. 2024).”
Wouters, F., Bogie, J. F. J., Wullaert, A., & van der Hilst, J. C. H. (2023) · Journal of Clinical Immunology · doi:10.1007/s10875-023-01621-5 · Cited by 26
“In phase I and II clinical trials in rheumatoid arthritis patients, it exhibited significant anti-inflammatory effects with a good pharmacokinetics profile [93].”
Cicolari, S., Catapano, A. L., & Magni, P. (2021) · Mechanisms of Ageing and Development · doi:10.1016/j.mad.2021.111467 · Cited by 29
Antushevich, H. (2020) · Immunology Letters · doi:10.1016/j.imlet.2020.09.004 · Cited by 35
“inflammasome expression in some diseases may lead to an immunosuppressive reaction and thus prevent tissue destruction [9].”
Lv, J., Tan, Z., An, Z., Xu, R., Zhang, H., Guo, M., Fang, X., Zhao, M., Guo, Y., Liu, Y., et al. (2025) · Journal of Hazardous Materials · doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2025.137114 · Cited by 27
Yubolphan, R., Kobroob, A., Kongkaew, A., Chiranthanut, N., Jinadang, N., & Wongmekiat, O. (2024) · Antioxidants · doi:10.3390/antiox13111398 · Cited by 24
“Future research should focus on translating these promising preclinical results of BBR into clinical trials to evaluate its safety and efficacy in human populations facing this challenging condition.”
Melatonin regulates mitochondrial dynamics and mitophagy: Cardiovascular protection
Rahmani, S., Roohbakhsh, A., Pourbarkhordar, V., Hayes, A. W., & Karimi, G. (2024) · Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine · doi:10.1111/jcmm.70074 · Cited by 29
“74 NLRP3 inflammasome seems to be inhibited by Mel, leading to decreased mitochondrial fission by Drp1 downregulation and increased mitochondrial fusion through MFN2 upregulation.”
BackgroundReview of potential medical treatments for middle ear cholesteatoma
Schürmann, M., Goon, P. K. C., & Sudhoff, H. H. (2022) · Cell Communication and Signaling · doi:10.1186/s12964-022-00953-w · Cited by 31
Inflammasome Complexes: Crucial mediators in osteoimmunology and bone diseases.
Zhou, F., Zhang, G., Wu, Y.-Y., & Xiong, Y. (2022) · International Immunopharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.intimp.2022.109072 · Cited by 26
The Molecular Pathways of Pyroptosis in Atherosclerosis
Song, D., Li, M., Yu, X., Wang, Y., Fan, J., Yang, W. P., Yang, L. M., & Li, H. (2022) · Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology · doi:10.3389/fcell.2022.824165 · Cited by 27
Intra-Organ Delivery of Nanotherapeutics for Organ Transplantation
Hussain, B., Kasinath, V., Madsen, J. C., Bromberg, J. S., Tullius, S. G., & Abdi, R. (2021) · ACS Nano · doi:10.1021/acsnano.1c04707 · Cited by 28
Blocking the inflammasome: A novel approach to treat uveitis
Shome, A., Mugisho, O. O., Niederer, R. L., & Rupenthal, I. D. (2021) · Drug Discovery Today · doi:10.1016/j.drudis.2021.06.017 · Cited by 28
Reconciling protective and pathogenic roles of the NLRP3 inflammasome in leishmaniasis
Harrington, V. M., & Gurung, P. (2020) · Immunological Reviews · doi:10.1111/imr.12886 · Cited by 31
The Role of NLRP3 Inflammasome in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Its Macrovascular Complications
Karamitsos, K., Oikonomou, E. K., Theofilis, P., Ikonomidis, I., Kassi, E. N., Lambadiari, V., GIALAFOS, E. J., Tsatsaragkou, A., Mystakidi, V. C., Zisimos, K., et al. (2025) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm14134606 · Cited by 32
“In murine atherosclerosis models, it suppressed inflammasome assembly, enhanced NLRP3 ubiquitination, and limited plaque progression [71].”
Proposal for pathogenesis-based treatment options to reduce calcium oxalate stone recurrence
Khan, S. R., & Canales, B. K. (2023) · Asian journal of urology · doi:10.1016/j.ajur.2023.01.008 · Cited by 25
“Specific inhibitors of MMPs [120], NADPH oxidase [121], and inflammasome [122], are also currently available.”
BackgroundChen, Y., Cao, P., Xiao, Z., & Ruan, Z. (2022) · International Immunopharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.intimp.2022.109375 · Cited by 24
Liu, H., Liu, L. L., Chen, J., Chen, Y. W., Yue, C., Liu, Q. S., & Cheng, Y. (2022) · Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity · doi:10.1155/2022/3322535 · Cited by 29
“The NLRP3 inflammasome is the most thoroughly studied inflammasome complexes that have been described up to now [27].”
BackgroundDutta, A., Das, M., Ghosh, A., & Rana, S. (2022) · Genes & Diseases · doi:10.1016/j.gendis.2022.08.008 · Cited by 31
“Recent data indicate Aspirin to be an inhibitor of cGAS signalling; C-176 and C-178 inhibits STING pathway or various inflammasome inhibitors like Parthenolide, VX-765, etc.(97,98) Pre-clinical usage of such antagonistic pharmacological agents towards cardiovascular disorders calls for thorough knowledge of the recept…”
BackgroundOral Sabizabulin for High-Risk, Hospitalized Adults with Covid-19: Interim Analysis
Barnette, K. G., Gordon, M. S., Rodriguez, D., Bird, T. G., Skolnick, A., Schnaus, M. J., Skarda, P. K., Lobo, S. M., Sprinz, E., Arabadzhiev, G., et al. (2022) · NEJM Evidence · doi:10.1056/evidoa2200145 · Cited by 39
Narros‐Fernández, P., Chioua, M., Petcu, S. A., Diez‐Iriepa, D., Cerrada‐Gálvez, L., Decouty‐Pérez, C., Palomino‐Antolín, A., Ramos, E., Farré‐Alins, V., López-Rodríguez, A. B., et al. (2022) · Journal of Medicinal Chemistry · doi:10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c00149 · Cited by 37
Zhou, X. Y., Fernando, S. M., Pan, A. Y., Laposa, R. R., Cullen, K. R., Klimes‐Dougan, B., & Andreazza, A. C. (2021) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms222212513 · Cited by 29
“Other inhibitors of NLRP3 are also available, and operate through a variety of mechanisms, including direct inhibition (OLT1177, methylenedioxy-beta-nitrotyrosine, tranilast), indirect inhibition (glyburide, 16673-34-0, FC-11A2, beta-hydroxybutyrate), or both (parthenolide, BAY 11-7082) [21].”
BackgroundMetabolic regulation of immunological aging
Kim, H., & Dixit, V. D. (2025) · Nature Aging · doi:10.1038/s43587-025-00921-2 · Cited by 30
“Therapeutically, a small-molecule NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitor, MCC950, has been developed for in vitro and in vivo usage, and several other NLRP3 inhibitors are currently in clinical testing, including sulfonylurea drugs like glyburide that lower blood glucose levels 154,155 .”
Lai, Y., Yang, N., Chen, X., Ma, X., Chen, Z., Dong, C., Yu, G., Huang, Y., Shi, D., Fang, P., et al. (2024) · Phytotherapy Research · doi:10.1002/ptr.8167 · Cited by 24
“…receptor protein NLRP3, an adapter protein ASC (apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a caspase recruitment domain), and an inflammatory protease Caspase-1 (CASP1) reacts to microbial infection, endogenous danger signals, as well as environmental stimuli (Zahid et al., 2019).”
BackgroundLiu, M., Liu, D., Yu, C.-L., Fan, H., Zhao, X. S., Wang, H., Zhang, C., Zhang, M., Bo, R., He, S., et al. (2023) · MedComm · doi:10.1002/mco2.255 · Cited by 26
Puri, G., & Naura, A. S. (2022) · Free Radical Research · doi:10.1080/10715762.2021.2023740 · Cited by 24
Xie, A., Wang, J., Zhang, X., Fang, J.-N., Hua, F.-F., Han, J.-Y., & Yuan, Z. (2021) · Neural Regeneration Research · doi:10.4103/1673-5374.323077 · Cited by 28
“It consists of three main effectors: NLRP3, procaspase-1, and the apoptosis speck-like protein (Zahid et al., 2019).”
Yang, J. J., Ren, H., Cao, J., Fu, J., Wang, J., Su, Z., Lu, S., Sheng, K., & Wang, Y. (2025) · International Journal of Biological Macromolecules · doi:10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2025.142815 · Cited by 22
Targeting glycolysis for neuroprotection in early LPS-induced neuroinflammation
Vizuete, A. F. K., Fróes, F. T., Seady, M., Caurio, A. C., Júnior, O. V. R., Leite, A. K. O., Farias, C. P., Wyse, Â. T. D. S., & Gonçalves, C. (2024) · Brain Behavior & Immunity - Health · doi:10.1016/j.bbih.2024.100901 · Cited by 17
“…+ Veh to LPS + 3PO. diarylsulfonylurea compound, is a selective inhibitor of the NLRP3 inflammasome and is recognized as an important potential anti-inflammatory strategy for mitigating the effects of neurodegenerative diseases by blocking ATP hydrolysis and NLRP3 activation (Zahid et al., 2019).”
Țicolea, M., Pop, R., Pârvu, M., Usatiuc, L.-O., Uifălean, A., Ranga, F., & Pârvu, A. (2024) · Antioxidants · doi:10.3390/antiox13081016 · Cited by 23
“Furthermore, by releasing these pro-inflammatory mediators together with GSDMD, pyroptosis will be triggered [10,54].”
He, C., Liu, J., Li, J., Wu, H., Jiao, C., Ze, X., Xu, S., Zhu, Z., Guo, W., Xu, J., et al. (2024) · Journal of Medicinal Chemistry · doi:10.1021/acs.jmedchem.4c00504 · Cited by 23
Хилажева, Е. Д., Mosiagina, A. I., Panina, Y. A., Belozor, О. S., & Komleva, Y. K. (2023) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms242316580 · Cited by 19
“Not only do neurodegenerative diseases cause the multiprotein inflammasome to assemble, but metabolic disorders do as well [20,21].”
BackgroundTian, J.-H., Huang, T., Chen, J., Wang, J., Chang, S.-J., Xu, H.-Y., Zhou, X.-S., Yang, J., Xue, Y., Zhang, T.-T., et al. (2023) · Clinical and Experimental Medicine (Testo stampato) · doi:10.1007/s10238-023-01093-2 · Cited by 23
“The first signal is triggered by the activation of Toll-like receptors (TLRs), tumour necrosis factor receptors (TNFRs), or interleukin-1 (IL-1) receptors, which stimulate the transcription factor NF-κB to produce the pro-forms of IL-1 β and IL-18[9, 10].”
BackgroundInfluentialChemical Modulation of Gasdermin-Mediated Pyroptosis and Therapeutic Potential
Ryder, C. B., Kondolf, H. C., O'Keefe, M. E., Zhou, B., & Abbott, D. W. (2021) · Journal of Molecular Biology · doi:10.1016/j.jmb.2021.167183 · Cited by 28
Recent advances in the treatment of gout with NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitors
Tian, Y., He, X., Li, R., Wu, Y., Ren, Q., & Hou, Y. (2024) · Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.bmc.2024.117874 · Cited by 20
Gober, R., Dallmeier, J., Davis, D. A., Brzostowicki, D. J., Vaccari, J. P. D. R., Cyr, B. S., Barreda, A., Sun, X., Gultekin, S. H., Garamszegi, S. P., et al. (2024) · Journal of Neuropathology & Experimental Neurology · doi:10.1093/jnen/nlae066 · Cited by 22
“35,37 ,49,50 Notably, there is a large and rapidly growing list of inflammasome inhibitors being developed in preclinical studies 47,50,51 with several advancing to early phase clinical trials.”
BackgroundLi, B., Li, P., Wei, L.-Y., Zou, J., Wang, Y., You, Q., Jiang, C., Di, B., & Xu, L. (2024) · Journal of Medicinal Chemistry · doi:10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c02407 · Cited by 23
Self-citationDysregulation of inflammasome activation in glioma
Sim, J., Park, J., Moon, J., & Lim, J. (2023) · Cell Communication and Signaling · doi:10.1186/s12964-023-01255-5 · Cited by 24
Understanding the role of NLRP3-mediated pyroptosis in allergic rhinitis: A review
Cheng, N., Wang, Y., & Gu, Z. (2023) · Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy · doi:10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115203 · Cited by 22
Aberrant inflammasome activation as a driving force of human autoimmune skin disease
Fetter, T., de Graaf, D. M., Claus, I., & Wenzel, J. (2023) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2023.1190388 · Cited by 25
Sciacchitano, S., Vitis, C. D., D’Ascanio, M., Giovagnoli, S., Dominicis, C. D., Laghi, A., Anibaldi, P., Petrucca, A., Salerno, G., Santino, I., et al. (2021) · Journal of Translational Medicine · doi:10.1186/s12967-021-02805-6 · Cited by 24
“There are various inhibitors that specifically target the NLRP3 inflammasome [70].”
BackgroundLiu, F., Liu, T., Sun, M., Zhou, J., Xue, F., Chen, S., Chen, J., & Zhang, L. (2021) · Infection and Drug Resistance · doi:10.2147/idr.s292413 · Cited by 26
RetractedeATP/P2X7R Axis: An Orchestrated Pathway Triggering Inflammasome Activation in Muscle Diseases
Panicucci, C., Raffaghello, L., Bruzzone, S., Baratto, S., Principi, E., Minetti, C., Gazzerro, E., & Bruno, C. (2020) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms21175963 · Cited by 28
Albiflorin alleviates neuroinflammation of rats after MCAO via PGK1/Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway
Ou, Z., Li, P., Wu, L., Wu, Y., Qin, L., Li, F., Xu, H., Pei, K., & Chen, J. (2024) · International Immunopharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112439 · Cited by 21
Pathophysiology and clinical relevance of atrial myopathy
Tubeeckx, M., Keulenaer, G. W. D., Heidbüchel, H., & Segers, V. F. M. (2024) · Basic Research in Cardiology · doi:10.1007/s00395-024-01038-0 · Cited by 25
“Ongoing developments include selective NLRP3 inhibitors (oridonin, MCC950), that show promising data [78, 216, 306, 313], but are still being clinically tested [57].”
Ahmad, S. B., Achek, A., Farooq, M., & Choi, S. (2023) · Computational and Structural Biotechnology Journal · doi:10.1016/j.csbj.2023.09.038 · Cited by 25
“In recent times, several NLRP3 inflammasome pathway inhibitors have been documented, with select compounds demonstrating promising therapeutic capacity [41].”
BackgroundSantos, B. R., Cordeiro, J. M. D. A., Santos, L. C., Santana, L. D. S., Nascimento, A. E. D. J., & Silva, J. F. (2023) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms24076820 · Cited by 20
“This effect of kisspeptin on this pathway may be the result of its antioxidant and immunomodulatory action [33–35,54–57], as already demonstrated with other inhibitors of the inflammasome-NLRP3 pathway [18,22,58].”
BackgroundThe Urinary Microbiome; Axis Crosstalk and Short-Chain Fatty Acid
Yang, H. J., Kim, D. S., Lee, K. W., & Kim, Y. H. (2022) · Diagnostics · doi:10.3390/diagnostics12123119 · Cited by 22
“Inflammasomes are pattern recognition receptors, which elicit the innate immune response to target pathogens and trigger inflammation [14].”
BackgroundInflammasomes: Cause or consequence of obesity‐associated comorbidities in humans
Herrera-Martínez, A. D., Herrero‐Aguayo, V., Pérez‐Gómez, J. M., Gahete, M. D., & Luque, R. M. (2022) · Obesity · doi:10.1002/oby.23581 · Cited by 22
“effect and potential clinical effect is still required [115, 117].”
BackgroundInfluentialIdentification of Tubocapsanolide A as a novel NLRP3 inhibitor for potential treatment of colitis
Chen, C., Liu, X., Gong, L., Zhu, T., Zhou, W.-X., Kong, L., & Luo, J. (2021) · Biochemical Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.bcp.2021.114645 · Cited by 22
Carnovale, C., Tombetti, E., Battini, V., Mazhar, F., Radice, S., Nivuori, M., Negro, E., Tamanini, S., & Brucato, A. (2021) · Frontiers in Pharmacology · doi:10.3389/fphar.2020.612259 · Cited by 21
Vinaik, R., Barayan, D., & Jeschke, M. G. (2020) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/endocr/bqaa116 · Cited by 23
An Update on CARD Only Proteins (COPs) and PYD Only Proteins (POPs) as Inflammasome Regulators
Devi, S., Stehlik, C., & Dorfleutner, A. (2020) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms21186901 · Cited by 24
Pandey, S. N., Babu, M. A., Goyal, K., Menon, S. V., Ray, S., Kaur, M., Sharma, S., Rana, M., Rekha, A., Ali, H., et al. (2025) · Inflammopharmacology · doi:10.1007/s10787-025-01926-4 · Cited by 21
“However, a major challenge is the difficulty of directly pharmacologically inhibiting NLRP3 (Zahid et al. 2019).”
A potent NLRP3 inhibitor effective against both MCC950-sensitive and -resistant inflammation
Kim, W., Kim, S., Woo, H., Jojare, R. A., Mall, R., Nicotra, A., Py, B. F., Ngo, C., Man, S. M., Patel, C., et al. (2025) · Cell chemical biology · doi:10.1016/j.chembiol.2025.08.006 · Cited by 19
Research Progress of Pyroptosis in Diabetic Kidney Disease
Fan, Q., Li, R., Wei, H., Xue, W., Li, X., Xia, Z., Zhao, L., Qiu, Y., & Cui, D. (2024) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms25137130 · Cited by 21
“…recognize PAMPs/DAMPs, such as LPS, its cystolic adaptor myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88) will facilitate inducing proinflammatory cytokines, NF-κ B, for instance, translocating into nuclear and transcriptionally upregulating IL-1 β , IL-18, NLPR3, and sometimes GSDMD expression [38,39].”
BackgroundThe crosstalk between cell death and pregnancy related diseases: A narrative review
Xie, X., Liu, J., Gao, J., Shang, C., Jiang, Y., Chen, L., Qian, Z., Liu, L., Wu, D., Zhang, Y., et al. (2024) · Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy · doi:10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116815 · Cited by 21
Animal models of silicosis: fishing for new therapeutic targets and treatments
Martínez‐López, A., Candel, S., & Tyrkalska, S. D. (2023) · European Respiratory Review · doi:10.1183/16000617.0078-2023 · Cited by 20
Han, X., Lin, D., Huang, W., Li, D., Li, N., & Xie, X. (2023) · Frontiers in Genetics · doi:10.3389/fgene.2023.1159167 · Cited by 21
“Pro-caspase-1 is then converted into active caspase-1, along with NLRP3 and ASC forms the NLRP3 inflammasome complex.”
BackgroundInfluentialP2X7R Mediates the Synergistic Effect of ATP and MSU Crystals to Induce Acute Gouty Arthritis
Li, X., Wan, A., Liu, Y., Li, M., Zhu, Z., Luo, C., & Tao, J. (2023) · Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity · doi:10.1155/2023/3317307 · Cited by 24
“The activated NLRP3 inflammasome, in turn, releases mature caspase-1, which cleaves pro-IL-1β into biologically active IL-1β [4].”
BackgroundSelf-citationLiu, M., Wang, J., Chen, S., Meng, X., Cheng, Z.-J., Wang, J.-Y., Tan, Y., Su, W.-H., Lu, Z., Zhang, M., et al. (2023) · Journal of Ethnopharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.jep.2023.116178 · Cited by 20
Filippone, A., Scuderi, S. A., Basilotta, R., Lanza, M., Casili, G., Bova, V., Paterniti, I., & Esposito, E. (2022) · Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy · doi:10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113851 · Cited by 25
Inflammasomes—New Contributors to Blood Diseases
Tomasik, J., & Basak, G. W. (2022) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms23158129 · Cited by 24
“Many other inflammasome inhibitors have been tested in the preclinical studies [72], with glibenclamide and BAY 11-7082 shown to mitigate GvHD [59,64].”
BackgroundLi, H., Guo, Z., Chen, J., Du, Z., Han, L., Wang, Z., Xi, J., & Bai, Y. (2022) · Aging · doi:10.18632/aging.203907 · Cited by 21
“And inhibition of Caspase-1 correlates with tissue protection of inflammatory diseases in animal models [27, 28].”
BackgroundBertesi, M., Fantini, S., Alecci, C., Lotti, R., Martello, A., Parenti, S., Carretta, C., Marconi, A., Grande, A., Pincelli, C., et al. (2021) · Frontiers in Medicine · doi:10.3389/fmed.2020.579383 · Cited by 18
“Moreover, several therapeutic agents inhibiting the inflammasome are currently being tested for the treatment of such diseases (31).”
BackgroundStămat, L.-R. B., & Dinescu, S. (2024) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-024-75805-3 · Cited by 19
“Therefore, MCC950 is considered the most potent and specific inhibitor of the NLRP3 inflammasome, being used for modulation and evaluation of NLRP3 functions 23 .”
MethodWang, A., Zhong, G., Ying, M., Fang, Z., Chen, Y., Wang, H., Wang, C., Liu, C., & Guo, Y. (2024) · Neuropharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2024.110063 · Cited by 24
The NLRP3 inflammasome in ischemic stroke
Masenga, S. K., & Kirabo, A. (2024) · Frontiers in Stroke · doi:10.3389/fstro.2024.1382379 · Cited by 17
Prevention and Potential Treatment Strategies for Respiratory Syncytial Virus
Sun, B.-W., Zhang, P., Wang, Z.-H., Yao, X., He, M.-L., Bai, R.-T., Che, H., Lin, J., Xie, T., Hui, Z., et al. (2024) · Molecules · doi:10.3390/molecules29030598 · Cited by 20
“The NLRP3 inflammasome is a protein complex composed of multiple subunits that initiates inflammatory modes of cellular demise and generates the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines, namely, IL-1 β and IL-18, which significantly contribute to innate immunity [54,55].”
BackgroundChallagundla, N., Saha, B., & Agrawal-Rajput, R. (2022) · Immunologic Research · doi:10.1007/s12026-022-09286-9 · Cited by 22
“Epigallocatechin-3-gallate Activate NRF2 pathway [271]”
Koperniku, A., Garcia, A. A., & Mochly‐Rosen, D. (2022) · Journal of Medicinal Chemistry · doi:10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c01577 · Cited by 23
Zhang, L., Zhu, X., Badamjav, R., Zhang, J.-Z., Kou, J., Yu, B., & Li, F. (2022) · European Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.ejphar.2022.174748 · Cited by 23
The NLRP3 Inflammasome: Relevance in Solid Organ Transplantation
Burke, R. M., Dale, B. L., & Dholakia, S. (2021) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms221910721 · Cited by 22
“A comprehensive list of these agents is elegantly reviewed in [42].”
BackgroundOzeki, A., Oogaki, Y., Henmi, Y., Karasawa, T., Takahashi, M., Takahashi, H., Ohkuchi, A., & Shirasuna, K. (2021) · Journal of Hypertension · doi:10.1097/hjh.0000000000002981 · Cited by 27
“Especially, MCC950 treatment strongly attenuates hypertension, kidney fibrosis, and preterm birth in-vivo mouse model [21,44,45].”
BackgroundIskusnykh, I. Y., Крыльский, Е. Д., Brazhnikova, D. A., Попова, Т. Н., Shikhaliev, K. S., Shulgin, K. K., Matasova, L. V., Popov, S. S., Zhaglin, D. A., Zakharova, A. A., et al. (2021) · Antioxidants · doi:10.3390/antiox10010122 · Cited by 19
“Glyburide can be used only for patients with diabetes due to pronounced hypoglycemic effect [63].”
BackgroundNovel therapeutic approaches for the primary hyperoxalurias
Belostotsky, R., & Frishberg, Y. (2020) · Pediatric Nephrology · doi:10.1007/s00467-020-04817-8 · Cited by 22
An overview of disease models for NLRP3 inflammasome over-activation
Zhang, H., Zahid, A., Ismail, H., Tang, Y., Jin, T., & Tao, J. (2020) · Expert Opinion on Drug Discovery · doi:10.1080/17460441.2021.1844179 · Cited by 20
“Glyburide Bone marrow-derived macrophages, Familial cold-associated autoinflammatory syndrome patients [42]”
BackgroundSelf-citationHirsch, Y., Geraghty, J. R., Katz, E. A., & Testai, F. D. (2020) · Neurocritical Care · doi:10.1007/s12028-020-01113-z · Cited by 18
Targeting the NLRP3 inflammasome signalling for the management of atrial fibrillation
Niskala, A., Heijman, J., Dobrev, D., Jespersen, T., & Saljic, A. (2024) · British Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.1111/bph.16470 · Cited by 22
“VX-740 (pralnacasan) and its analogue VX-765 (belnacasan) inhibit caspase-1 by covalent modification of the catalytic cysteine residue in the active site of caspase 1, thereby preventing the downstream cleavage of IL-1 β and IL-18 (Ajoolabady et al., 2022; Zahid et al., 2019).”
InfluentialThe Role of Inflammasome in Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm and Its Potential Drugs
Pi, S., Xiong, S., Yuan, Y., & Deng, H. (2024) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms25095001 · Cited by 18
“Furthermore, it does not hinder the upstream signaling events of NLRP3 inflammasome, such as NLRP3 and pro-IL-1 β expression, K + efflux, chloride efflux, ROS production, and mitochondrial damage [90].”
BackgroundIdentification of new potent NLRP3 inhibitors by multi-level in-silico approaches
Hayat, C., Subramaniyan, V., Alamri, M. A., Wong, L. S., Khalid, A., Abdalla, A. N., Afridi, S. G., Kumarasamy, V., & Wadood, A. (2024) · BMC Chemistry · doi:10.1186/s13065-024-01178-3 · Cited by 17
“However, to date, none of them have FDA approved [58].”
BackgroundZhou, J., Wang, J., Jiajing, W. A. N. G., Li, D., Hou, J., Li, J., Bai, Y.-E., & Gao, J. (2024) · Chinese Journal of Natural Medicines · doi:10.1016/s1875-5364(24)60556-x · Cited by 10
Panbhare, K., Pandey, R., Chauhan, C., Sinha, A., Shukla, R., & Kaundal, R. K. (2023) · ACS Chemical Neuroscience · doi:10.1021/acschemneuro.3c00536 · Cited by 21
New Potentiality of Bioactive Substances: Regulating the NLRP3 Inflammasome in Autoimmune Diseases
Chen, B., Wang, Y., & Chen, G. (2023) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu15214584 · Cited by 19
“In the past decade, the effectiveness of targeting the NLRP3 inflammasome for treating diseases has been tested in various models, holding vast prospects for development [3].”
Background
Metadata
- Authors
- Zahid, A., Li, B., Kombe, A. J. K., Jin, T., & Tao, J.
- Affiliations
- University of Science and Technology of China (CN)
- Corresponding author
- Jin, Tengchuan
- Venue
- Frontiers in Immunology
- Publisher
- Frontiers Media SA
- Published
- 2019-10-25
- Volume
- 10
- Pages
- 2538-2538
- ISSN
- 1664-3224 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC6842943
- OpenAlex
- W2982061867
- Cited by
- 671
- References
- 123
- Citations by year
- 2026: 49 · 2025: 94 · 2024: 107 · 2023: 101 · 2022: 129 · 2021: 122 · 2020: 69
- FWCI
- 7.09
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Frontiers in Immunology (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- National Natural Science Foundation of China (201904a07020103, 81771774)
- Natural Science Foundation of Anhui Province (1708085MH191)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Inflammasome and immune disorders
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immune Response and Inflammation
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Hematology › Autoimmune and Inflammatory Disorders Research
- Keywords
- NLRP3 inflammasome, inflammasome inhibitors, NLRP3, ASC, pyroptosis, inflammatory cytokines, innate immunity, diabetes mellitus, atherosclerosis, metabolic syndrome, neurodegenerative diseases, cardiovascular disease, mechanism of action
- MeSH terms
- NLR Family, Pyrin Domain-Containing 3 Protein, Animals, Dipeptides, Glyburide, Humans, Nitriles, Sulfones, Inflammasomes, para-Aminobenzoates, ortho-Aminobenzoates
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