The DOI matches its Crossref record; 223 of the 223 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Impact of Bacterial Metabolites on Gut Barrier Function and Host Immunity: A Focus on Bacterial Metabolism and Its Relevance for Intestinal Inflammation
Open accessAbstract
The diverse and dynamic microbial community of the human gastrointestinal tract plays a vital role in health, with gut microbiota supporting the development and function of the gut immune barrier. Crosstalk between microbiota-gut epithelium and the gut immune system determine the individual health status, and any crosstalk disturbance may lead to chronic intestinal conditions, such as inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) and celiac disease. Microbiota-derived metabolites are crucial mediators of host-microbial interactions. Some beneficially affect host physiology such as short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and secondary bile acids. Also, tryptophan catabolites determine immune responses, such as through binding to the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR). AhR is abundantly present at mucosal surfaces and when activated enhances intestinal epithelial barrier function as well as regulatory immune responses. Exogenous diet-derived indoles (tryptophan) are a major source of endogenous AhR ligand precursors and together with SCFAs and secondary bile acids regulate inflammation by lowering stress in epithelium and gut immunity, and in IBD, AhR expression is downregulated together with tryptophan metabolites. Here, we present an overview of host microbiota-epithelium- gut immunity crosstalk and review how microbial-derived metabolites contribute to host immune homeostasis. Also, we discuss the therapeutic potential of bacterial catabolites for IBD and celiac disease and how essential dietary components such as dietary fibers and bacterial tryptophan catabolites may contribute to intestinal and systemic homeostasis.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Frank, D. N., St. Amand, A. L., Feldman, R. A., Boedeker, E. C., Harpaz, N., & Pace, N. R. (2007) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0706625104 · Cited by 4,611
Sokol, H., Pigneur, B., Watterlot, L., Lakhdari, O., Bermúdez-Humarán, L. G., Gratadoux, J.-J., Blugeon, S., Bridonneau, C., Furet, J.-P., Corthier, G., et al. (2008) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0804812105 · Cited by 4,413
Interaction between microbiota and immunity in health and disease
Zheng, D., Liwinski, T., & Elinav, E. (2020) · Cell Research · doi:10.1038/s41422-020-0332-7 · Cited by 3,947
Parada Venegas, D., De la Fuente, M. K., Landskron, G., González, M. J., Quera, R., Dijkstra, G., Harmsen, H. J. M., Faber, K. N., & Hermoso, M. A. (2019) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2019.00277 · Cited by 3,820
Self-citationGut Microbiota Regulation of Tryptophan Metabolism in Health and Disease
Agus, A., Planchais, J., & Sokol, H. (2018) · Cell Host & Microbe · doi:10.1016/j.chom.2018.05.003 · Cited by 3,180
Formation of propionate and butyrate by the human colonic microbiota
Louis, P., & Flint, H. J. (2017) · Environmental Microbiology · doi:10.1111/1462-2920.13589 · Cited by 3,028
Bile salt biotransformations by human intestinal bacteria
Ridlon, J. M., Kang, D.-J., & Hylemon, P. B. (2006) · Journal of Lipid Research · doi:10.1194/jlr.r500013-jlr200 · Cited by 2,829
Zelante, T., Iannitti, R. G., Cunha, C., De Luca, A., Giovannini, G., Pieraccini, G., Zecchi, R., D’Angelo, C., Massi-Benedetti, C., Fallarino, F., et al. (2013) · Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.immuni.2013.08.003 · Cited by 2,614
The impact of dietary fiber on gut microbiota in host health and disease
Makki, K., Deehan, E. C., Walter, J., & Bäckhed, F. (2018) · Cell Host & Microbe · doi:10.1016/j.chom.2018.05.012 · Cited by 2,517
Singh, N., Gurav, A., Sivaprakasam, S., Brady, E., Padia, R., Shi, H., Thangaraju, M., Prasad, P. D., Manicassamy, S., Munn, D. H., et al. (2014) · Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.immuni.2013.12.007 · Cited by 2,368
Cited by
Gut Microbiota-Derived Tryptophan Metabolites Maintain Gut and Systemic Homeostasis
Su, X., Gao, Y., & Yang, R. (2022) · Cells · doi:10.3390/cells11152296 · Cited by 424
GLP-1 and GLP-2 Orchestrate Intestine Integrity, Gut Microbiota, and Immune System Crosstalk
Abdalqadir, N., & Adeli, K. (2022) · Microorganisms · doi:10.3390/microorganisms10102061 · Cited by 119
Fusobacterium nucleatum carcinogenesis and drug delivery interventions
Chen, Z., & Huang, L. (2024) · Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.addr.2024.115319 · Cited by 27
From Microbial Switches to Metabolic Sensors: Rewiring the Gut–Brain Kynurenine Circuit
Tanaka, M., & Vécsei, L. (2025) · doi:10.20944/preprints202506.0880.v1 · Cited by 24
Li, G., Zheng, X., Zhu, Y., Long, Y., & Xia, X. (2022) · Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156220 · Cited by 23
Metadata
- Authors
- Gasaly, N., de Vos, P., & Hermoso, M. A.
- Venue
- Frontiers in Immunology
- Publisher
- Frontiers Media SA
- Published
- 2021-05-26
- Volume
- 12
- Pages
- 658354-658354
- ISSN
- 1664-3224 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W3164581399
- Cited by
- 578
- References
- 223
- FWCI
- 20.33
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Impact of Bacterial Metabolites on Gut Barrier Function and Host Immunity: A Focus on Bacterial Metabolism and Its Relevance for Intestinal Inflammation. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.3389/fimmu.2021.658354
- The paper
- Gasaly, N., de Vos, P., & Hermoso, M. A. (2021). Impact of Bacterial Metabolites on Gut Barrier Function and Host Immunity: A Focus on Bacterial Metabolism and Its Relevance for Intestinal Inflammation. Frontiers in Immunology. https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2021.658354
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
