Changes in Cortical Plasticity Across the Lifespan
Open accessAbstract
Deterioration of motor and cognitive performance with advancing age is well documented, but its cause remains unknown. Animal studies dating back to the late 1970s reveal that age-associated neurocognitive changes are linked to age-dependent changes in synaptic plasticity, including alterations of long-term potentiation and depression (LTP and LTD). Non-invasive brain stimulation techniques enable measurement of LTP- and LTD-like mechanisms of plasticity, in vivo, in humans, and may thus provide valuable insights. We examined the effects of a 40-s train of continuous theta-burst stimulation (cTBS) to the motor cortex (600 stimuli, three pulses at 50 Hz applied at a frequency of 5 Hz) on cortico-spinal excitability as measured by the motor evoked potentials (MEPs) induced by single-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation before and after cTBS in the contralateral first dorsal interosseus muscle. Thirty-six healthy individuals aged 19-81 years old were studied in two sites (Boston, USA and Barcelona, Spain). The findings did not differ across study sites. We found that advancing age is negatively correlated with the duration of the effect of cTBS (r = -0.367; p = 0.028) and the overall amount of corticomotor suppression induced by cTBS (r = -0.478; p = 0.003), and positively correlated with the maximal suppression of amplitude on motor evoked responses in the target muscle (r = 0.420; p = 0.011). We performed magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-based individual morphometric analysis in a subset of subjects to demonstrate that these findings are not explained by age-related brain atrophy or differences in scalp-to-brain distance that could have affected the TBS effects. Our findings provide empirical evidence that the mechanisms of cortical plasticity area are altered with aging and their efficiency decreases across the human lifespan. This may critically contribute to motor and possibly cognitive decline.
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Given that plasticity decreases with age, the potential for change in middle-age range adults may be greater than that of older adults.
“Also, given that plasticity decreases with age [32], the potential for change in middle-age range adults may be greater than that of older adults.”
From Dual N-back working memory training in healthy adults: A randomized comparison to processing speed training. (2016) · cites this paper as [32]
Cognitive plasticity is thought to decline across the aging trajectory.
“Moreover, given that cognitive plasticity is thought to decline across the aging trajectory [32], middle-age range adults might have a better chance at improving than older adults.”
From Dual N-back working memory training in healthy adults: A randomized comparison to processing speed training. (2016) · cites this paper as [32]
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“Moreover, given that cognitive plasticity is thought to decline across the aging trajectory [32], middle-age range adults might have a better chance at improving than older adults.”
BackgroundIndahlastari, A., Hardcastle, C., Albizu, A., Alvarez-Alvarado, S., Boutzoukas, E. M., Evangelista, N. D., Hausman, H. K., Kraft, J., Langer, K., & Woods, A. J. (2021) · Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment · doi:10.2147/ndt.s259499 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
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Self-citation
- Authors
- Freitas, C., Perez, J., Knobel, M., Tormos, J. M., Oberman, L., Eldaief, M., Bashir, S., Vernet, M., Peña-Gómez, C., & Pascual-Leone, A.
- Affiliations
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (US)
- Universitat de Barcelona (ES)
- ORCID
- Venue
- Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience
- Publisher
- Frontiers Media SA
- Published
- 2011
- Volume
- 3
- Pages
- 5-5
- ISSN
- 1663-4365 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3079175
- OpenAlex
- W2169819134
- Cited by
- 172
- References
- 76
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 17 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 14 · 2021: 15 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 12 · 2016: 14 · 2015: 11 · 2014: 15 · 2013: 13 · 2012: 3
- FWCI
- 6.54
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by
- Locations
- Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- RIUCV (Universidad Católica de Valencia San Vicente Martír) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- HAL (submittedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Hispana (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Funders
- National Institute of Mental Health (F32MH080493)
- National Center for Research Resources (K24RR018875, M01RR001032, UL1RR025758, KL2RR025757)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Studies
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Motor Control and Adaptation
- Keywords
- cortical plasticity, aging, continuous theta burst stimulation, long-term potentiation, long-term depression, motor cortex, corticospinal excitability, motor evoked potentials, first dorsal interosseous muscle, age-related motor decline, age-related cognitive decline, brain morphometry, brain atrophy
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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