One-Year Brain Atrophy Evident in Healthy Aging
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An accurate description of changes in the brain in healthy aging is needed to understand the basis of age-related changes in cognitive function. Cross-sectional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies suggest thinning of the cerebral cortex, volumetric reductions of most subcortical structures, and ventricular expansion. However, there is a paucity of detailed longitudinal studies to support the cross-sectional findings. In the present study, 142 healthy elderly participants (60–91 years of age) were followed with repeated MRI, and were compared with 122 patients with mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease (AD). Volume changes were measured across the entire cortex and in 48 regions of interest. Cortical reductions in the healthy elderly were extensive after only 1 year, especially evident in temporal and prefrontal cortices, where annual decline was ∼0.5%. All subcortical and ventricular regions except caudate nucleus and the fourth ventricle changed significantly over 1 year. Some of the atrophy occurred in areas vulnerable to AD, while other changes were observed in areas less characteristic of the disease in early stages. This suggests that the changes are not primarily driven by degenerative processes associated with AD, although it is likely that preclinical changes associated with AD are superposed on changes due to normal aging in some subjects, especially in the temporal lobes. Finally, atrophy was found to accelerate with increasing age, and this was especially prominent in areas vulnerable to AD. Thus, it is possible that the accelerating atrophy with increasing age is due to preclinical AD.
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Age-related entorhinal atrophy is observed in the general population.
“In contrast, entorhinal RI declined with age among APOE4 non-carriers, which may reflect aging-related neuronal loss or dystrophy among those with reduced genetic risk for AD, consistent with age-related entorhinal atrophy observed in the general population [41].”
From Effects of APOE2 and APOE4 on brain microstructure in older adults: modification by age, sex, and cognitive status (2024) · cites this paper as [41]
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Engvig, A., Fjell, A. M., Westlye, L. T., Moberget, T., Sundseth, Ø., Larsen, V. A., & Walhovd, K. B. (2012) · Human Brain Mapping · doi:10.1002/hbm.21370 · Cited by 250 · see citing works
Self-citationMagnetic resonance imaging in Alzheimer’s disease neuroimaging initiative 2
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Self-citationChanges in Cortical Plasticity Across the Lifespan
Freitas, C., Perez, J., Knobel, M., Tormos, J. M., Oberman, L., Eldaief, M., Bashir, S., Vernet, M., Peña-Gómez, C., & Pascual-Leone, A. (2011) · Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnagi.2011.00005 · Cited by 172 · see citing works
Cellular correlates of cortical thinning throughout the lifespan
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Self-citationBernal-Rusiel, J. L., Reuter, M., Greve, D. N., Fischl, B., & Sabuncu, M. R. (2013) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2013.05.049 · Cited by 125 · see citing works
Modeling transcranial electrical stimulation in the aging brain
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Quantitative structural MRI for early detection of Alzheimer's disease
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Understanding the cause of sporadic Alzheimer’s disease
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Sex differences in amygdala subregions: evidence from subregional shape analysis
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“In contrast, entorhinal RI declined with age among APOE4 non-carriers, which may reflect aging-related neuronal loss or dystrophy among those with reduced genetic risk for AD, consistent with age-related entorhinal atrophy observed in the general population [41].”
ResultSelf-citationReduced age-related gray matter loss in the subgenual cingulate cortex in long-term meditators.
Kurth, F., Zsadanyi, S. E., & Luders, E. (2021) · Brain Imaging and Behavior · doi:10.1007/s11682-021-00578-6 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
- Authors
- Fjell, A. M., Walhovd, K. B., Fennema-Notestine, C., McEvoy, L. K., Hagler, D. J., Holland, D., Brewer, J. B., & Dale, A. M.
- Affiliations
- University of Oslo (NO)
- University of California San Diego (US)
- Corresponding author
- Fjell, Anders M.
- ORCID
- Venue
- The Journal of Neuroscience
- Publisher
- Society for Neuroscience
- Published
- 2009-12-02
- Volume
- 29
- Issue
- 48
- Pages
- 15223-15231
- ISSN
- 0270-6474 (ISSN-L)
- 1529-2401
- PMC
- PMC2827793
- OpenAlex
- W2136019660
- Cited by
- 692
- References
- 71
- Citations by year
- 2026: 33 · 2025: 51 · 2024: 35 · 2023: 50 · 2022: 53 · 2021: 63 · 2020: 56 · 2019: 48 · 2018: 40 · 2017: 36 · 2016: 28 · 2015: 38 · 2014: 36 · 2013: 33 · 2012: 39
- FWCI
- 18.50
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Neuroscience (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Foundation for the National Institutes of Health (U01AG024904, Grant U01 AG024904, AG024904)
- Alzheimer's Association (U01 AG024904)
- Bristol-Myers Squibb (U01 AG024904, AG024904)
- Eli Lilly and Company (U01 AG024904, AG024904)
- Pfizer (AG024904, U01 AG024904)
- AstraZeneca
- GlaxoSmithKline
- Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (U01AG024904, AG024904)
- Northern California Institute for Research and Education (U01 AG024904)
- Eisai (U01 AG024904, AG024904)
- Norges Forskningsråd
- National Institutes of Health (5u01ag024904-10, U01-AG024904, Grant U01 AG024904, AG024904)
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration
- University of California, Los Angeles
- University of California, San Diego
- National Institute on Aging (U01-AG-024904, R01AG031224, AG 024904, K01AG029218, U19AG010483, R01 AG031244)
- National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (U01 AG024904, AG024904)
- National Center for Research Resources (U24RR021382, U01 AG024904)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology › Aging and Gerontology Research
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Cognitive Abilities and Testing
- Keywords
- brain atrophy, healthy aging, longitudinal MRI, Alzheimer's disease, preclinical Alzheimer's disease, cortical thinning, subcortical atrophy, ventriculomegaly, temporal lobe, prefrontal cortex, age-related cognitive decline
- MeSH terms
- Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Aging, Alzheimer Disease, Atrophy, Brain, Brain Mapping, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Middle Aged, Time Factors, Imaging, Three-Dimensional
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