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Important Shapeshifter: Mechanisms Allowing Astrocytes to Respond to the Changing Nervous System During Development, Injury and Disease
Open accessAbstract
Astrocytes are the most prevalent glial cells in the brain. Historically considered as "merely supporting" neurons, recent research has shown that astrocytes actively participate in a large variety of central nervous system (CNS) functions including synaptogenesis, neuronal transmission and synaptic plasticity. During disease and injury, astrocytes efficiently protect neurons by various means, notably by sealing them off from neurotoxic factors and repairing the blood-brain barrier. Their ramified morphology allows them to perform diverse tasks by interacting with synapses, blood vessels and other glial cells. In this review article, we provide an overview of how astrocytes acquire their complex morphology during development. We then move from the developing to the mature brain, and review current research on perisynaptic astrocytic processes, with a particular focus on how astrocytes engage synapses and modulate their formation and activity. Comprehensive changes have been reported in astrocyte cell shape in many CNS pathologies. Factors influencing these morphological changes are summarized in the context of brain pathologies, such as traumatic injury and degenerative conditions. We provide insight into the molecular, cellular and cytoskeletal machinery behind these shape changes which drive the dynamic remodeling in astrocyte morphology during injury and the development of pathologies.
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“Thorough visualization is necessary because astrocytes undergo distinct morphological changes other than hypertrophy in pathological contexts, including elongation, process extension toward injury site, and some three-dimensional (3D) domain overlap26.”
From Reactive astrocyte nomenclature, definitions, and future directions (2021) · cites this paper as [26]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Schiweck, J., Eickholt, B. J., & Murk, K.
- Affiliations
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin (DE)
- Corresponding author
- Eickholt, Britta J.
- Murk, Kai
- Venue
- Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience
- Publisher
- Frontiers Media SA
- Published
- 2018-08-21
- Volume
- 12
- Pages
- 261-261
- ISSN
- 1662-5102 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC6111612
- OpenAlex
- W2888094777
- Cited by
- 223
- References
- 169
- Citations by year
- 2026: 14 · 2025: 28 · 2024: 25 · 2023: 23 · 2022: 38 · 2021: 44 · 2020: 33 · 2019: 18
- FWCI
- 10.82
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
- Refubium (Universitätsbibliothek der Freien Universität Berlin) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Universitätsbibliothek der FU Berlin Hochschulschriftenstelle u. Dokumentenserver (cc-by)
- Funders
- Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (SFB958, TRR168, 285933818)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Developmental Neuroscience › Neurogenesis and neuroplasticity mechanisms
- Keywords
- astrocytes, astrocyte morphology, synaptogenesis, synaptic plasticity, neural transmission, astrocyte development, traumatic brain injury, neurodegenerative diseases, blood-brain barrier, cytoskeleton, glial cells
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