Postnatal Dendritic Growth and Spinogenesis of Layer-V Pyramidal Cells Differ between Visual, Inferotemporal, and Prefrontal Cortex of the Macaque Monkey
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Pyramidal cells in the primate cerebral cortex, particularly those in layer III, exhibit regional variation in both the time course and magnitude of postnatal growth and pruning of dendrites and spines. Less is known about the development of pyramidal cell dendrites and spines in other cortical layers. Here we studied dendritic morphology of layer-V pyramidal cells in primary visual cortex (V1, sensory), cytoarchitectonic area TE in the inferotemporal cortex (sensory association), and granular prefrontal cortex (Walker's area 12, executive) of macaque monkeys at the ages of 2 days, 3 weeks, 3.5 months, and 4.5 years. We found that changes in the basal dendritic field area of pyramidal cells were different across the three areas. In V1, field size became smaller over time (largest at 2 days, half that size at 4.5 years), in TE it did not change, and in area 12 it became larger over time (smallest at 2 days, 1.5 times greater at 4.5 years). In V1 and TE, the total number of branch points in the basal dendritic trees was similar between 2 days and 4.5 years, while in area 12 the number was greater in the adult monkeys than in the younger ones. Spine density peaked at 3 weeks and declined in all areas by adulthood, with V1 exhibiting a faster decline than area TE or area 12. Estimates of the total number of spines in the dendritic trees revealed that following the onset of visual experience, pyramidal cells in V1 lose more spines than they grow, whereas those in TE and area 12 grow more spines than they lose during the same period. These data provide further evidence that the process of synaptic refinement in cortical pyramidal cells differs not only according to time, but also location within the cortex. Furthermore, given the previous finding that layer-III pyramidal cells in all these areas exhibit the highest density and total number of spines at 3.5 months, the current results indicate that pyramidal cells in layers III and V develop spines at different rates.
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The primary somatosensory cortex and primary motor cortex mature earlier, but the dendritic trees and density of spines within the subdomains of the PFC seem to be more complex.
“The primary somatosensory cortex, as well as the primary motor cortex, mature earlier, however the dendritic trees and the density of spines within the subdomains of the PFC seem to be more complex [246–249].”
From Development of prefrontal cortex (2022) · cites this paper as [248]
The Results (Fractal dimension and Spine densities of the basal dendrites; page unavailable) show that macaque prefrontal area 12 has more complex adult dendritic branching and higher adult spine density than primary visual cortex. The paper compares visual, inferotemporal, and prefrontal cortex; it does not establish earlier maturation of primary somatosensory or primary motor cortex, or compare complexity across PFC subdomains. (LLM, conf=0.87)
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Development of prefrontal cortex
Kolk, S. M., & Rakic, P. (2022) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/s41386-021-01137-9 · Cited by 378 · see citing works
- Authors
- Oga, T., Elston, G. N., & Fujita, I.
- Affiliations
- The University of Osaka (JP)
- Center for Information and Neural Networks (JP)
- Corresponding author
- Fujita, Ichiro
- Venue
- Frontiers in Neuroscience
- Publisher
- Frontiers Media SA
- Published
- 2017-03-13
- Volume
- 11
- Pages
- 118-118
- ISSN
- 1662-453X (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC5347257
- OpenAlex
- W2593539780
- Cited by
- 24
- References
- 70
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 4 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 4
- FWCI
- 1.20
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by
- Locations
- Frontiers in Neuroscience (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology
- Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (JP15H01437, JP16H01673, JP15J05524)
- National Health and Medical Research Council (210250)
- James S. McDonnell Foundation
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Developmental Neuroscience › Neurogenesis and neuroplasticity mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Visual perception and processing mechanisms
- Keywords
- layer 5 pyramidal neurons, dendritic growth, dendritic spines, cortical development, primary visual cortex, inferotemporal cortex, prefrontal cortex, synaptic refinement, pruning, visual experience, macaque
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