The DOI matches its Crossref record; 9 of the 9 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Interaction and Subcellular Association of PRRT1/SynDIG4 With AMPA Receptors
Abstract
AMPA receptors (AMPAR) are organized into supramolecular complexes in association with other membrane proteins that provide exquisite regulation of their biophysical properties and subcellular trafficking. Proline-rich transmembrane protein 1 (PRRT1), also named as SynDIG4, is a component of native AMPAR complexes in multiple brain regions. Deletion of PRRT1 leads to altered surface levels and phosphorylation status of AMPARs, as well as impaired forms of synaptic plasticity. Here, we have investigated the mechanisms underlying the observed regulation of AMPARs by investigating the interaction properties and subcellular localization of PRRT1. Our results show that PRRT1 can interact physically with all AMPAR subunits GluA1-GluA4. We decipher the membrane topology of PRRT1 to find that contrary to the predicted dual membrane pass, only the second hydrophobic segment spans the membrane completely, and is involved in mediating the interaction with AMPARs. We also report a physical interaction of PRRT1 with phosphatase PP2B that dephosphorylates AMPARs during synaptic plasticity. Our co-localization analysis in primary neuronal cultures identifies that PRRT1 associates with AMPARs extrasynaptically where it localizes to early and recycling endosomes as well as to the plasma membrane. These findings advance the understanding of the mechanisms by which PRRT1 regulates AMPARs under basal conditions and during synaptic plasticity.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
SynDIG4 overlaps primarily with extrasynaptic AMPARs and localizes to early and recycling endosomes.
“SynDIG4 overlaps primarily with extrasynaptic AMPARs (Kirk et al., 2016) and localizes to early and recycling endosomes (Martin et al., 2021).”
From Loss of SynDIG4/PRRT1 alters distribution of AMPA receptors in Rab4- and Rab11-positive endosomes and impairs basal AMPA receptor recycling (2025) · cites this paper as Martin et al., 2021
Some SynDIG4 colocalizes with the early endosomal marker EEA1 and with the transferrin receptor which is recycled between endosomes and the plasma membrane.
“Previous studies have shown that some SynDIG4 colocalizes with the early endosomal marker EEA1 and with the transferrin receptor which is recycled between endosomes and the plasma membrane (Martin et al., 2021), suggesting that SynDIG4 is involved in recycling of AMPARs via the endosomal pathway.”
From Loss of SynDIG4/PRRT1 alters distribution of AMPA receptors in Rab4- and Rab11-positive endosomes and impairs basal AMPA receptor recycling (2025) · cites this paper as Martin et al., 2021
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Stargazin regulates synaptic targeting of AMPA receptors by two distinct mechanisms
Chen, L., Chetkovich, D. M., Petralia, R. S., Sweeney, N. T., Kawasaki, Y., Wenthold, R. J., Bredt, D. S., & Nicoll, R. A. (2000) · Nature · doi:10.1038/35050030 · Cited by 1,111
Involvement of a calcineurin/ inhibitor-1 phosphatase cascade in hippocampal long-term depression
Mulkey, R. M., Endo, S., Shenolikar, S., & Malenka, R. C. (1994) · Nature · doi:10.1038/369486a0 · Cited by 1,083
The AMPA Receptor Code of Synaptic Plasticity
Diering, G. H., & Huganir, R. L. (2018) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2018.10.018 · Cited by 844 · cited 1×
“This contrasts with the selective interaction of some cytosolic proteins with particular AMPAR subunits, imparting subunit specificity to mechanisms of intracellular trafficking of AMPARs (Dong et al., 1997; Srivastava et al., 1998; Malinow and Malenka, 2002).”
BackgroundRegulation of AMPA receptor endocytosis by a signaling mechanism shared with LTD
Beattie, E. C., Carroll, R. C., Yu, X., Morishita, W., Yasuda, H., von Zastrow, M., & Malenka, R. C. (2000) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/81823 · Cited by 745
Recycling Endosomes Supply AMPA Receptors for LTP
Park, M., Penick, E. C., Edwards, J. G., Kauer, J. A., & Ehlers, M. D. (2004) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1102026 · Cited by 730
Regulation of AMPA receptor trafficking and synaptic plasticity
Anggono, V., & Huganir, R. L. (2012) · Current Opinion in Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/j.conb.2011.12.006 · Cited by 588 · cited 1×
“PP2B is required for NMDAR-dependent LTD and NMDA-induced AMPAR trafficking (Mulkey et al., 1994; Carroll et al., 1999; Beattie et al., 2000), which are impaired in PRRT1 KO mice (TroyanoRodriguez et al., 2019a).”
BackgroundSanderson, J. L., Gorski, J. A., Gibson, E. S., Lam, P., Freund, R. K., Chick, W. S., & Dell'Acqua, M. L. (2012) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.3326-12.2012 · Cited by 137 · cited 9×
“Previous proteomics work showed an association of PRRT1 with protein phosphatase 2B (PP2B or calcineurin) (Chen et al., 2014), which is a known regulator of GluA1 phosphorylation at serine 845 (S845) (Sanderson et al., 2012; Kim and Ziff, 2014).”
BackgroundInfluentialPostsynaptic Complexin Controls AMPA Receptor Exocytosis during LTP
Ahmad, M., Polepalli, J. S., Goswami, D., Yang, X., Kaeser-Woo, Y. J., Südhof, T. C., & Malenka, R. C. (2012) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2011.11.020 · Cited by 133
Self-citationCalcineurin mediates synaptic scaling via synaptic trafficking of Ca2+-permeable AMPA receptors
Kim, S., & Ziff, E. B. (2014) · PLoS Biology · doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.1001900 · Cited by 114
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 44
- Carroll, 1999, Rapid redistribution of glutamate receptors contributes to long-term depression in hippocampal cultures., Nat. Neurosci., 2, 454, 10.1038/8123 · DOI
- Chen, 2014, Interaction proteomics reveals brain region-specific AMPA receptor complexes., J. Proteome Res., 13, 5695, 10.1021/pr500697b · DOI · Paper page
- Chenaux, 2016, Loss of SynDIG1 Reduces Excitatory Synapse Maturation But Not Formation In Vivo., eNeuro, 3, 10.1523/ENEURO.0130-16.2016 · DOI
- Coleman, 2018, PRRT2 Regulates Synaptic Fusion by Directly Modulating SNARE Complex Assembly., Cell Rep., 22, 820, 10.1016/j.celrep.2017.12.056 · DOI
- Coleman, 2016, Aggregation Limits Surface Expression of Homomeric GluA3 Receptors., J. Biol. Chem., 291, 8784, 10.1074/jbc.m115.689125 · DOI
- Dong, 1997, GRIP: a synaptic PDZ domain-containing protein that interacts with AMPA receptors., Nature, 386, 279, 10.1038/386279a0 · DOI
- Ehlers, 2000, Reinsertion or degradation of AMPA receptors determined by activity-dependent endocytic sorting., Neuron, 28, 511, 10.1016/s0896-6273(00)00129-x · DOI · Paper page
- Greger, 2017, Structural and Functional Architecture of AMPA-Type Glutamate Receptors and Their Auxiliary Proteins., Neuron, 94, 713, 10.1016/j.neuron.2017.04.009 · DOI · Paper page
- He, 2009, Stabilization of Ca2+-permeable AMPA receptors at perisynaptic sites by GluR1-S845 phosphorylation., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A., 106, 20033, 10.1073/pnas.0910338106 · DOI
- Huganir, 2013, AMPARs and synaptic plasticity: the last 25 years., Neuron, 80, 704, 10.1016/j.neuron.2013.10.025 · DOI · Paper page
- Jackson, 2011, The expanding social network of ionotropic glutamate receptors: TARPs and other transmembrane auxiliary subunits., Neuron, 70, 178, 10.1016/j.neuron.2011.04.007 · DOI · Paper page
- Kalashnikova, 2010, SynDIG1: an activity-regulated, AMPA- receptor-interacting transmembrane protein that regulates excitatory synapse development., Neuron, 65, 80, 10.1016/j.neuron.2009.12.021 · DOI
- Kamalova, 2021, AMPA receptor structure and auxiliary subunits., J. Physiol., 599, 453, 10.1113/jp278701 · DOI
- Kato, 2010, Hippocampal AMPA receptor gating controlled by both TARP and cornichon proteins., Neuron, 68, 1082, 10.1016/j.neuron.2010.11.026 · DOI
- Kato, 2018, Protein complexes as psychiatric and neurological drug targets., Biochem. Pharmacol., 151, 263, 10.1016/j.bcp.2018.01.018 · DOI
- Kirk, 2016, Distribution of the SynDIG4/proline-rich transmembrane protein 1 in rat brain., J. Comp. Neurol., 524, 2266, 10.1002/cne.23945 · DOI · Paper page
- Lee, 2012, Mutations in the gene PRRT2 cause paroxysmal kinesigenic dyskinesia with infantile convulsions., Cell Rep., 1, 2, 10.1016/j.celrep.2011.11.001 · DOI
- Liu, 2003, Endogenous protein inhibitors of calcineurin., Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 311, 1103, 10.1016/j.bbrc.2003.10.020 · DOI
- Lovero, 2013, SynDIG1 promotes excitatory synaptogenesis independent of AMPA receptor trafficking and biophysical regulation., PLoS One, 8, e66171, 10.1371/journal.pone.0066171 · DOI
- Maher, 2017, Getting a Handle on Neuropharmacology by Targeting Receptor-Associated Proteins., Neuron, 96, 989, 10.1016/j.neuron.2017.10.001 · DOI · Paper page
- Maher, 2016, Discovery and Characterization of AMPA Receptor Modulators Selective for TARP-gamma8., J. Pharmacol. Exp. Therap., 357, 394, 10.1124/jpet.115.231712 · DOI
- Malenka, 2004, LTP and LTD: an embarrassment of riches., Neuron, 44, 5, 10.1016/j.neuron.2004.09.012 · DOI · Paper page
- Malinow, 2002, AMPA receptor trafficking and synaptic plasticity., Annu. Rev. Neurosci., 25, 103, 10.1146/annurev.neuro.25.112701.142758 · DOI · Paper page
- Matt, 2018, SynDIG4/Prrt1 Is Required for Excitatory Synapse Development and Plasticity Underlying Cognitive Function., Cell Rep., 22, 2246, 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.02.026 · DOI · Paper page
- Nakagawa, 2019, Structures of the AMPA receptor in complex with its auxiliary subunit cornichon., Science, 366, 1259, 10.1126/science.aay2783 · DOI
- Palmer, 2005, Hippocalcin functions as a calcium sensor in hippocampal LTD., Neuron, 47, 487, 10.1016/j.neuron.2005.06.014 · DOI · Paper page
- Purkey, 2018, AKAP150 Palmitoylation Regulates Synaptic Incorporation of Ca(2+)-Permeable AMPA Receptors to Control LTP., Cell Rep., 25, 974, 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.09.085 · DOI
- Rossi, 2016, A novel topology of proline-rich transmembrane protein 2 (PRRT2): hints for an intracellular function at the synapse., J. Biol. Chem., 291, 6111, 10.1074/jbc.m115.683888 · DOI
- Sallman Almen, 2012, The dispanins: a novel gene family of ancient origin that contains 14 human members., PLoS One, 7, e31961, 10.1371/journal.pone.0031961 · DOI
- Schwenk, 2014, Regional diversity and developmental dynamics of the AMPA-receptor proteome in the mammalian brain., Neuron, 84, 41, 10.1016/j.neuron.2014.08.044 · DOI
- Schwenk, 2012, High-resolution proteomics unravel architecture and molecular diversity of native AMPA receptor complexes., Neuron, 74, 621, 10.1016/j.neuron.2012.03.034 · DOI · Paper page
- Shanks, 2012, Differences in AMPA and kainate receptor interactomes facilitate identification of AMPA receptor auxiliary subunit GSG1L., Cell Rep., 1, 590, 10.1016/j.celrep.2012.05.004 · DOI · Paper page
- Sonnichsen, 2000, Distinct membrane domains on endosomes in the recycling pathway visualized by multicolor imaging of Rab4, Rab5, and Rab11., J. Cell Biol., 149, 901, 10.1083/jcb.149.4.901 · DOI · Paper page
- Srivastava, 1998, Novel anchorage of GluR2/3 to the postsynaptic density by the AMPA receptor-binding protein ABP., Neuron, 21, 581, 10.1016/s0896-6273(00)80568-1 · DOI
- Tomita, Stargazin modulates AMPA receptor gating and trafficking by distinct domains., Nature, 435, 1052, 10.1038/nature03624 · DOI · Paper page
- Tomita, Bidirectional synaptic plasticity regulated by phosphorylation of stargazin-like TARPs., Neuron, 45, 269, 10.1016/j.neuron.2005.01.009 · DOI · Paper page
- Troyano-Rodriguez, PRRT1 regulates basal and plasticity-induced AMPA receptor trafficking., Mol. Cell. Neurosci., 98, 155, 10.1016/j.mcn.2019.06.008 · DOI · Paper page
- Troyano-Rodriguez, Neuroligin-2 Determines Inhibitory Synaptic Transmission in the Lateral Septum to Optimize Stress-Induced Neuronal Activation and Avoidance Behavior., Biol. Psychiatry, 85, 1046, 10.1016/j.biopsych.2019.01.022 · DOI
- Twomey, 2016, Elucidation of AMPA receptor-stargazin complexes by cryo-electron microscopy., Science, 353, 83, 10.1126/science.aaf8411 · DOI
- Valente, 2016, PRRT2 Is a Key Component of the Ca(2+)-Dependent Neurotransmitter Release Machinery., Cell Rep., 15, 117, 10.1016/j.celrep.2016.03.005 · DOI
- Wang, 2008, Myosin Vb mobilizes recycling endosomes and AMPA receptors for postsynaptic plasticity., Cell, 135, 535, 10.1016/j.cell.2008.09.057 · DOI · Paper page
- Xu, 2008, Molecular dissociation of the role of PSD-95 in regulating synaptic strength and LTD., Neuron, 57, 248, 10.1016/j.neuron.2007.11.027 · DOI · Paper page
- Yu, 2021, Hippocampal AMPA receptor assemblies and mechanism of allosteric inhibition., Nature, 594, 448, 10.1038/s41586-021-03540-0 · DOI
- Zhao, 2016, Architecture of fully occupied GluA2 AMPA receptor-TARP complex elucidated by cryo-EM., Nature, 536, 108, 10.1038/nature18961 · DOI
Cited by
Sorted by citations
He, C.-W., & Díaz, E. (2025) · Frontiers in Pharmacology · doi:10.3389/fphar.2025.1568908 · Cited by 3
Metadata
- Authors
- Martin, E. E., Wleklinski, E., Hoang, H. T. M., & Ahmad, M.
- Venue
- Frontiers in Synaptic Neuroscience
- Publisher
- Frontiers Media SA
- Published
- 2021-08-02
- Volume
- 13
- ISSN
- 1663-3563
- PMC
- PMC8365426
- Cited by
- 16
- References
- 9
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review