Tumor-Associated Macrophages: Recent Insights and Therapies
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Macrophages, which have functions of engulfing and digesting foreign substances, can clear away harmful matter, including cellular debris and tumor cells. Based on the condition of the internal environment, circulating monocytes give rise to mature macrophages, and when they are recruited into the tumor microenvironment and in suitable conditions, they are converted into tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs). Generally, macrophages grow into two main groups called classically activated macrophages (M1) and alternatively activated macrophages (M2). M2 and a small fraction of M1 cells, also known as TAMs, not only lack the function of phagocytizing tumor cells but also help these tumor cells escape from being killed and help them spread to other tissues and organs. In this review, we introduce several mechanisms by which macrophages play a role in the immune regulation of tumor cells, including both killing factors and promoting effects. Furthermore, the targeted therapy for treating tumors based on macrophages is also referred to in our review. We confirm that further studies of macrophage-focused therapeutic strategies and their use in clinical practice are needed to verify their superior efficacy and potential in cancer treatment.
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Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are an important component of the tumor microenvironment, comprising up to 50% of the cells in solid tumors.
“Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are an important component of the tumor microenvironment, comprising up to 50% of the cells in solid tumors (Zhou et al., 2020).”
From Sysrev: A FAIR Platform for Data Curation and Systematic Evidence Review (2021) · cites this paper as Zhou et al., 2020
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Three-Dimensional Spheroids as In Vitro Preclinical Models for Cancer Research
Pinto, B., Henriques, A. C., Silva, P. M. A., & Bousbaa, H. (2020) · Pharmaceutics · doi:10.3390/pharmaceutics12121186 · Cited by 440 · see citing works
Sysrev: A FAIR Platform for Data Curation and Systematic Evidence Review
Bozada, T., Borden, J., Workman, J., Del Cid, M., Malinowski, J., & Luechtefeld, T. (2021) · Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence · doi:10.3389/frai.2021.685298 · Cited by 118 · see citing works
The effects of age and systemic metabolism on anti-tumor T cell responses
Drijvers, J. M., Sharpe, A. H., & Haigis, M. C. (2020) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.62420 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
“Some myeloid cells in the TME can promote the anti-tumor immune response, for example macrophages with a pro-inflammatory phenotype often referred to as ‘M1’, but many tumor-associated macrophages have an ‘M2’-like phenotype and have pro-tumor effects, including suppression of anti-tumor immunity (Zhou et al., 2020).”
Background
- Authors
- Zhou, J., Tang, Z., Gao, S., Li, C., Feng, Y., & Zhou, X.
- Affiliations
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College (CN)
- Sichuan University (CN)
- Corresponding author
- Zhou, Xikun
- Venue
- Frontiers in Oncology
- Publisher
- Frontiers Media SA
- Published
- 2020-02-25
- Volume
- 10
- Pages
- 188-188
- ISSN
- 2234-943X (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC7052362
- OpenAlex
- W3008550537
- Cited by
- 619
- References
- 89
- Citations by year
- 2026: 23 · 2025: 73 · 2024: 94 · 2023: 138 · 2022: 142 · 2021: 112 · 2020: 35
- FWCI
- 10.47
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Frontiers in Oncology (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- Sichuan University (2018ZX09201018)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immune cells in cancer
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Angiogenesis and VEGF in Cancer
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Cancer, Stress, Anesthesia, and Immune Response
- Keywords
- tumor-associated macrophages, tumor microenvironment, M1 macrophages, M2 macrophages, monocyte differentiation, tumor immune evasion, metastasis, cancer immunotherapy
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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