Non-Invasive Cardiac Output Measurement in Low and Very Low Birth Weight: A Method Comparison
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BACKGROUND: Cardiac output (CO) measurement in low (LBW) and very low (VLBW) birth weight infants is difficult. Hitherto, sporadical transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) is the only non-invasive measurement method. Electrical velocimetry (EV) has been evaluated as an alternative in normal weight newborns. OBJECTIVES: The study was designed to evaluate if EV could be interchangeable with TTE even in LBW and VLBW infants. METHODS: In 28 (17 LBW, 11 VLBW) pre-mature newborns, n = 228 simultaneous TTE (trans-aortic Doppler), and EV measurements (134 LBW, 94 VLBW) of stroke volume (SV) and heart rate (HR) were performed, thereof calculating body weight indexed SV (=SV*) and CO (=CO*) for all patients and the subgroups. Method comparison was performed by Bland-Altman plot, method precision expressed by calculation of the coefficient of variation (CV). RESULTS: Mean CO* in all patients was 256.4 ± 44.8 (TTE) and 265.3 ± 48.8 (EV) ml/kg/min. Bias and precision were clinically acceptable, limits of agreement within the 30% criterion for method interchangeability (17). According to their different anatomic dimensions and pathophysiology, there were significant differences of SV(*), HR, and CO* for LBW and VLBW infants as well for inotropic treatment and ventilation mode. CONCLUSION: Extending recent publications on EV/TTE comparison in newborns, this study suggests that EV is also applicable in LWB/VLBW infants as a safe and easy to handle method for continuous CO monitoring in the NICU and PCICU.
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Grollmuss et al. compared stroke volume measurements obtained through EC and TTE in preterm infants with low and very low birth weights.
“Grollmuss et al. compared stroke volume measurements obtained through EC and TTE in preterm infants with low and very low birth weights [72], while Noori et al. examined left ventricular output in preterm neonates with and without patent ductus arteriosus, finding good agreement between the two modalities [73].”
From Trends and Challenges in Noninvasive Hemodynamic Monitoring of Neonates Following Cardiac Surgery: A Narrative Review (2025) · cites this paper as [72]
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Narula, J., Chauhan, S., Ramakrishnan, S., & Gupta, S. K. (2017) · Journal of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia · doi:10.1053/j.jvca.2016.12.009 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Advanced Hemodynamic Monitoring in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit
de Boode, W.-P. (2020) · Clinics in Perinatology · doi:10.1016/j.clp.2020.05.001 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
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Research Progress of Noninvasive Cardiac Output Monitor (NICOTM) and Hemodynamic Monitor in Neonates
Li, F., & Dong, W. (2023) · Clinical and Experimental Obstetrics & Gynecology · doi:10.31083/j.ceog5010211 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
“[22] compared SV and HR of 228 premature infants with transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) (134 LBW, 94 VLBW) and EC (134 LBW, 94 VLBW) by bland-Altman diagram.”
MethodNedelcu, C., Ionescu, N. S., Bizubac, A. M., Filip, C., & Cirstoveanu, C. (2025) · Life · doi:10.3390/life15101621 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
- Authors
- Grollmuss, O., & Gonzalez, P.
- Affiliations
- Université Paris-Sud (FR)
- Corresponding author
- Grollmuss, Oswin
- Venue
- Frontiers in Pediatrics
- Publisher
- Frontiers Media SA
- Published
- 2014-03-25
- Volume
- 2
- Pages
- 16-16
- ISSN
- 2296-2360 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3971202
- OpenAlex
- W2092611586
- Cited by
- 52
- References
- 2
- Citations by year
- 2025: 3 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 2
- FWCI
- 5.95
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by
- Locations
- Frontiers in Pediatrics (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Hemodynamic Monitoring and Therapy
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Congenital Heart Disease Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiovascular Function and Risk Factors
- Keywords
- cardiac output measurement, electrical velocimetry, transthoracic echocardiography, low birth weight infants, very low birth weight infants, preterm infants, stroke volume, method comparison, method interchangeability, mechanical ventilation, neonatal intensive care
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