Echocardiographic Evaluation of Hemodynamics in Neonates and Children
Open accessAbstract
Hemodynamic instability and inadequate cardiac performance are common in critically ill children. The clinical assessment of hemodynamic status is reliant upon physical examination supported by the clinical signs such as heart rate, blood pressure, capillary refill time, and measurement of the urine output and serum lactate. Unfortunately, all of these parameters are surrogate markers of cardiovascular well-being and they provide limited direct information regarding the adequacy of blood flow and tissue perfusion. A bedside point-of-care echocardiography can provide real-time hemodynamic information by assessing cardiac function, loading conditions (preload and afterload) and cardiac output. The echocardiography has the ability to provide longitudinal functional assessment in real time, which makes it an ideal tool for monitoring hemodynamic assessment in neonates and children. It is indispensable in the management of patients with shock, pulmonary hypertension, and patent ductus arteriosus. The echocardiography is the gold standard diagnostic tool to assess hemodynamic stability in patients with pericardial effusion, cardiac tamponade, and cardiac abnormalities such as congenital heart defects or valvar disorders. The information from echocardiography can be used to provide targeted treatment in intensive care settings such as need of fluid resuscitation versus inotropic support, choosing appropriate inotrope or vasopressor, and in providing specific interventions such as selective pulmonary vasodilators in pulmonary hypertension. The physiological information gathered from echocardiography may help in making timely, accurate, and appropriate diagnosis and providing specific treatment in sick patients. There is no surprise that use of bedside point-of-care echocardiography is rapidly gaining interest among neonatologists and intensivists, and it is now being used in clinical decision making for patients with hemodynamic instability. Like any other investigation, it has certain limitations and the most important limitation is its intermittent nature. Sometimes acquiring high quality images for precise functional assessment in a ventilated child can be challenging. Therefore, it should be used in conjunction with the existing tools (physical examination and clinical parameters) for hemodynamic assessment while making clinical decisions.
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TNE can lead to changes in clinical management in approximately 30-60% of patients with hemodynamic instability.
“TNE can lead to changes in clinical management in approximately 30–60% of patients with hemodynamic instability [50].”
From Trends and Challenges in Noninvasive Hemodynamic Monitoring of Neonates Following Cardiac Surgery: A Narrative Review (2025) · cites this paper as [50]
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Follow-up after Percutaneous Patent Ductus Arteriosus Occlusion in Lower Weight Infants
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Diagnostic Utility of Point-of-Care Ultrasound in the Pediatric Cardiac Intensive Care Unit
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Echocardiographic measures of ventricular-vascular interactions in congenital diaphragmatic hernia
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Structured Neonatal Point-of-Care Ultrasound Training Program
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Current Clinical Practice in Point-of-Care Ultrasound Use in the PICUs Across Europe
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Self-citationNeonatal and paediatric point‐of‐care ultrasound review
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Self-citationPoint-of-care ultrasound for children
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Pulmonary Hypertension and Necrotizing Enterocolitis in Neonates Treated with Diazoxide
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Narrative Review on Echocardiographic Evaluation of Patent Ductus Arteriosus in Preterm Infants
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Self-citationUse of echocardiography in the neonatal intensive care unit
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Translating Guidelines into Practical Practice
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Acevedo-Olguín, A. L., Hernández-Benítez, R., Iglesias-Leboreiro, J., Bernárdez-Zapata, I., Hoyo, M. N. G.-D., & Rendón-Macı́as, M. E. (2020) · Archivos de cardiolog�a de M�xico (English ed Internet) · doi:10.24875/acme.m20000076 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
FoCUS and non-invasive hemodynamics monitoring in neonatal sepsis
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Consistency between Impedance Technique and Echocardiogram Hemodynamic Measurements in Neonates
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Shape of Pulmonary Artery Doppler Flow Profile and Right Ventricular Hemodynamics in Neonates
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Prenatal prediction of neonatal haemodynamic adaptation after maternal hyperoxygenation
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Paediatric point‐of‐care ultrasound in a resource‐limited Melanesian setting: A case series
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Management of Pulmonary Hypertension in Term Infants—A Review
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Role of functional echocardiography in neonatal shock: a systematic review and meta-analysis
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Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome In Neonates Associated With SARS-CoV2 infection- A case series.Preprint
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“TNE can lead to changes in clinical management in approximately 30–60% of patients with hemodynamic instability [50].”
Neonatal & Paediatric Point Of Care Ultrasound (Pocus): A Novel Standard Practice
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Congenital anemia due to fetal blood loss (guideline)
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Self-citationEchocardiographic Evaluation of Left Ventricular Function and Hemodynamic Status
Tissot, C., Sekarski, N., & Singh, Y. (2023) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-26538-9_5 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
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Focused critical care echocardiography
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Cardiorespiratory status and cerebral oxygenation in neonates with respiratory disorders
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Epidemiological Profile of Congenital Cardiopathy Neonatal Revelation in Tehran
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Role of Point-of-care Ultrasound Imaging in Neonatal Sepsis
Nagpal, R., & Suryawanshi, P. B. (2020) · Pediatric Infectious Disease · doi:10.5005/jp-journals-10081-1249
Cardiovascular Physiology in Premature and Term Neonates
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Self-citationAmer, R., Seshia, M. M. K., & Elsayed, Y. N. (2021) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-482070/v1
Spontaneous intracardiac contrast in a case with intestinal pneumatosis
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Self-citationClinical Benefits of New Echocardiographic Methods
Kojc, T. S., & Varda, N. M. (2022) · IntechOpen eBooks · doi:10.5772/intechopen.104808
Actualización en Cuidados Intensivos Pediátricos Vol. 2
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Actualización en Cuidados Intensivos Pediátricos Vol. 3
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ECHOCARDIOGRAPHIC EVALUATION OF RIGHT VENTRICLE FUNCTION IN MECHANICALLY VENTILATED CHILDRENPreprint
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Advanced Functional Echocardiographic Views Including PDA Assessment and Hemodynamic Evaluation
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Self-citationComparison of Different Methods of Superior Vena Cava Flow Measurment in Preterm Infants
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Una sindrome infiammatoria multisistemica fredda complicata da shock
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Comparison of Functional Echocardiographic Markers in Septic and Non-Septic Neonate
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Developing a Neonatal Pulmonary Hypertension Core Outcome Set (NeoPH COS)—A Study Protocol
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- Authors
- Singh, Y.
- Affiliations
- University of Cambridge (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Singh, Yogen
- ORCID
- Singh, Yogen
- Venue
- Frontiers in Pediatrics
- Publisher
- Frontiers Media SA
- Published
- 2017-09-15
- Volume
- 5
- Pages
- 201-201
- ISSN
- 2296-2360 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC5605552
- OpenAlex
- W2755816020
- Cited by
- 116
- References
- 71
- Citations by year
- 2026: 10 · 2025: 16 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 17 · 2022: 14 · 2021: 21 · 2020: 18 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 6
- FWCI
- 1.53
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by
- Locations
- Frontiers in Pediatrics (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine › Ultrasound in Clinical Applications
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Hemodynamic Monitoring and Therapy
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Congenital Heart Disease Studies
- Keywords
- point-of-care echocardiography, hemodynamic assessment, neonates, critically ill children, cardiac output, preload and afterload, shock, pulmonary hypertension, patent ductus arteriosus, cardiac tamponade, pericardial effusion, congenital heart disease, fluid resuscitation, vasopressors, pulmonary vasodilators, tissue perfusion
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