The Shipibo ceremonial use of ayahuasca to promote well-being: An observational study
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Promoting well-being is one of the main goals to improve health in the world. We examined the well-being and quality of life over the course of one year in a sample that participated in an Indigenous Shipibo healing program where traditional healers work in a series of ayahuasca ceremonies. We also explored the role of decentering as a mediator of psychological well-being. Participants who attended the program responded to an online survey that included a Psychological Well-Being Scale; Oxford Happiness Questionnaire; The World Health Organization Quality of Life Spirituality, Religiousness, and Personal Beliefs scale; the WHO Quality of Life-BREF scale; and Decentering scale. Baseline (T0) and postassessment (T1) were completed by 200 individuals. Of these, 101 completed the follow-up assessment at three months (T2), 91 at 6 months (T3), and 94 at 12 months follow-up (T4) after leaving the center. ANOVA test was performed in a representative subsample to control the passing of time two months before attending the program (T-1). Pearson’s test was performed to examine the relationship between psychological well-being and decentering during the period of T0 and T1. A significant increase was observed in all the scales at all time points (p≤ 0.01). The subgroup analysis performed in a representative subsample allowed us to infer that the significant differences in outcomes are due to the effect of their stay at the center and not the passing of time. We found a relationship between decentering and the improvement of psychological well-being (r= 0.57;p< 0.01). Our results suggest that the Indigenous Shipibo healing work with ayahuasca has value to improve long-term well-being and quality of life for Westerners.
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Individuals who regularly use ayahuasca in a communal setting exhibit higher general well-being, increased physical activity, and balanced diet than the general population.
“Several studies have evidenced that individuals who regularly use ayahuasca in a communal setting exhibit a higher level of general well-being, increased physical activity, and balanced diet than the general population (27–29).”
From Ayahuasca-assisted meaning reconstruction therapy for grief: a non-randomized clinical trial protocol (2025) · cites this paper as [29]
The Discussion (page unavailable) reports sustained improvements in well-being after a ceremonial retreat and notes that other studies observed high well-being among regular users in communal rituals. It does not report greater physical activity or a more balanced diet, nor does it compare these outcomes with the general population. (LLM, conf=0.87)
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Sabucedo, P., Andión, O., Neimeyer, R. A., Soto-Angona, O., Javkin, J., Haro, J. M., Farré, M., & González, D. (2025) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1484736 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
“Several studies have evidenced that individuals who regularly use ayahuasca in a communal setting exhibit a higher level of general well-being, increased physical activity, and balanced diet than the general population (27 – 29).”
Marie, S. (2024) · Anthropology of Consciousness · doi:10.1111/anoc.12226 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
A systematic review of psychedelic use and its relationship with meaning and purpose in life
Rupiński, P., Drabek, W., & Holas, P. (2025) · Journal of Psychedelic Studies · doi:10.1556/2054.2025.00442 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
How to set up a psychedelic study: Unique considerations for research involving human participants
Glennon, M. J., Bird, C., Yadav, P., Kleine, P., Suseelan, S., Boman-Markaki, C., Kotoula, V., Butler, M., Leech, R., Roseman, L., et al. (2026) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2026.106657 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Andión, Ó., Bouso, J. C., Sarris, J. J., Tófoli, L. F., Opaleye, E. S., & Perkins, D. (2025) · PLOS mental health. · doi:10.1371/journal.pmen.0000097 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Turkia, M. (2023) · doi:10.31234/osf.io/wupvy · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Bonomo, Y. A., Norman, A. F., Collins, L., Ross, M., Dwyer, J. L., Perkins, D., & Sarris, J. J. (2025) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2025.1545915 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
From Ego to Death: Validation of the Ego-Dissolution Scale (EDS)
Senanayake, R. (2022) · doi:10.26686/wgtn.20380158
Ayahuasca in the treatment of bipolar disorder with psychotic features–A retrospective case studyPreprint
Turkia, M. (2023) · doi:10.31234/osf.io/65se9 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
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Ayahuasca revisited. Case studies & observationsPreprint
Turkia, M. (2025) · PhilPapers (PhilPapers Foundation) · doi:10.31234/osf.io/pefct_v1
Touch and play—'spiritual attacks' in ayahuasca ceremoniesPreprint
Turkia, M. (2023) · doi:10.31234/osf.io/uqxft
Teixeira, P. J., Encantado, J., Amaro, H. D., Veiga, D., de Carvalho, L. L., Alcázar‐Córcoles, M. Á., Hallak, J. E. C., SANTOS, R. G. D., Bouso, J. C., & Kohek, M. (2026) · Journal of Psychoactive Drugs · doi:10.1080/02791072.2026.2631378
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Displaced minds: ecologies of depression
Kattner, A. A. (2026) · Biomedical Journal · doi:10.1016/j.bj.2026.101000
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Torales, J. C., O’Higgins, M., Barrios, I., Caycho-Rodríguez, T., Castaldelli-Maia, J. M., & Ventriglio, A. (2026) · Industrial Psychiatry Journal · doi:10.4103/ipj.ipj_489_25
- Authors
- Gonzalez, D., Cantillo, J., Perez, I., Carvalho, M., Aronovich, A., Farre, M., Feilding, A., Obiols, J. E., & Bouso, J. C.
- Affiliations
- International Center for Ethnobotanical Education, Research, and Service (ES)
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa (PT)
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili (ES)
- Beckley Foundation (GB)
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (ES)
- Universidade de São Paulo (BR)
- Venue
- Frontiers in Pharmacology
- Publisher
- Frontiers Media SA
- Published
- 2021-05-05
- Volume
- 12
- Pages
- 623923-623923
- ISSN
- 1663-9812 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC8131827
- OpenAlex
- W3159497666
- Cited by
- 40
- References
- 70
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 1
- FWCI
- 4.43
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Frontiers in Pharmacology (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Portuguese National Funding Agency for Science, Research and Technology (RCAAP Project by FCT) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Rovira & Virgili repository (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Dipòsit Digital de Documents de la UAB (Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- Beckley Foundation
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychedelics and Drug Studies
- Social Sciences › Health › Religion, Spirituality, and Psychology
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Psychological Well-being and Life Satisfaction
- Keywords
- ayahuasca, Shipibo, indigenous healing practices, traditional healers, psychological well-being, quality of life, decentering, spirituality, religiosity, happiness
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