Cited by 83Alzheimer's disease research and treatmentsHeavy Metal Exposure and ToxicityAluminum toxicity and tolerance in plants and animals

Exposure of metal toxicity in Alzheimer’s disease: An extensive review

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Islam, Fahadul, Shohag, Sheikh, Akhter, Shomaya, Islam, Md. Rezaul, Sultana, Sharifa, Mitra, Saikat, Chandran, Deepak, Khandaker, Mayeen Uddin +4 more·2022·Frontiers in Pharmacology

Abstract

Metals serve important roles in the human body, including the maintenance of cell structure and the regulation of gene expression, the antioxidant response, and neurotransmission. High metal uptake in the nervous system is harmful because it can cause oxidative stress, disrupt mitochondrial function, and impair the activity of various enzymes. Metal accumulation can cause lifelong deterioration, including severe neurological problems. There is a strong association between accidental metal exposure and various neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer’s disease (AD), the most common form of dementia that causes degeneration in the aged. Chronic exposure to various metals is a well-known environmental risk factor that has become more widespread due to the rapid pace at which human activities are releasing large amounts of metals into the environment. Consequently, humans are exposed to both biometals and heavy metals, affecting metal homeostasis at molecular and biological levels. This review highlights how these metals affect brain physiology and immunity and their roles in creating harmful proteins such as β-amyloid and tau in AD. In addition, we address findings that confirm the disruption of immune-related pathways as a significant toxicity mechanism through which metals may contribute to AD.

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Authors
Islam, F., Shohag, S., Akhter, S., Islam, M. R., Sultana, S., Mitra, S., Chandran, D., Khandaker, M. U., Ashraf, G. M., Idris, A. M., Emran, T. B., & Cavalu, S.
Affiliations
  • Daffodil International University (BD)
  • Bangladesh Maritime University (BD)
  • University of Dhaka (BD)
  • Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham (IN)
  • Sunway University (MY)
  • King Abdulaziz University (SA)
  • King Khalid University (SA)
  • BGC Trust University Bangladesh (BD)
  • University of Oradea (RO)
Corresponding author
  • Ashraf, Ghulam Md
  • Idris, Abubakr M.
  • Emran, Talha Bin
  • Cavalu, Simona
Venue
Frontiers in Pharmacology
Published
2022-08-29
Volume
13
Pages
903099-903099
ISSN
1663-9812 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W4293537971
Cited by
83
References
243
Citations by year
2026: 26 · 2025: 22 · 2024: 20 · 2023: 14 · 2022: 1
FWCI
1.96
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Frontiers in Pharmacology (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
  • Greater South Information System
Funders
King Khalid University (RGP.2/146/43)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Alzheimer's disease research and treatments
  • Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Heavy Metal Exposure and Toxicity
  • Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Aluminum toxicity and tolerance in plants and animals
Keywords
Alzheimer's disease, metal toxicity, heavy metals, biometals, metal homeostasis, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, neurodegeneration, amyloid-beta, tau protein, neuroinflammation, immune pathways, environmental exposure

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